This study aimed to analyze the existence and effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the stock market over the long-term and short-term in Indonesia. The study followed Krugman’s (1979) approach stating the pandemic crisis problems have the potential to decrease the performance of the international balance of payments which will ultimately lead to uncertainty in the market. The research method was the Error Correction Model (ECM) with stock markets as an endogenous variable; and exchange rate, inflation, interest rate, foreign stock markets, commodity price, and pandemic as exogenous variables. The pandemic indicator was measured by total accumulative cases of Covid-19 per day in Indonesia. Using ECM, the result showed that foreign interest rates and commodity prices positively affect the stock markets. Conversely, the exchange rate has a negative effect on the stock markets. However, the estimation fails to reflect the significant impact of the Covid-19 pandemic in the short-term, but it has a negative effect on stock markets in the long-term. This result implies that the higher total accumulative cases of Covid-19 has been the source of Indonesia’s stock market weakness in the long-term. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to examine Indonesia’s stock market’s pandemic impact between the short term and long term.
Komunikasi dalam matematika merupakan kemampuan mendasar yang harus dimiliki siswa dan guru selama belajar, mengajar, dan mengevaluasi matematika Kemandirian belajar yaitu gabungan antara keterampilan dan kemauan. kemandirian belajar merupakan proses perancangan dan pemantauan diri yang seksama terhadap proses kognitif dan afektif dalam menyelesaikan suatu tugas akademik.. Reciprocal Teaching adalah suatu pendekatan pembelajaran yang menerapkan empat strategi pemahaman mandiri, yaitu menyimpulkan bahan ajar, menyusun pertanyaan dan menyelesaikannya, menjelaskan kembali pengetahuan yang telah diperolehnya, kemudian memprediksikan pertanyaan selanjutnya dari persoalan yang disodorkan kepada siswa. Penelitian ini berdasar permasalahan (1) Apakah peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematik siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran reciprocal teaching lebih baik daripada kemampuan komunikasi matematik siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional? (2) Apakah kemandirian belajar siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran reciprocal teaching lebih baik daripada kemandirian belajar siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional? (3) Apakah terdapat asosiasi antara kemampuan komunikasi matematik siswa dengan kemandirian belajar siswa? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan mengambil sample siswa kelas VIII D dan VIII F di SMPN 5 Purwakarta. Dari hasil uji statistik terhadap skor gain yang diperoleh dari hasil pretes dan postes terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa daidapatkan hasil rata-rata ( gain untuk kelas eksperimen adalah 0,67 dengan standar deviasi (s) = 0,1333 dan rata-rata ( gain untuk kelas kontrol adalah 0,57 dengan standar deviasi (s) = 0,513. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa yang mempergunakan pembelajaran reciprocal teaching lebih baik daripada siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Sedangkan untuk kemandirian belajar siswa yang diperoleh dari hasil uji perbedaan rata-rata untuk 1 sisi sebesar 0,187 yang menyebabkan sig > 0,05, berdasarkan kriteria pengujian disimpulkan tidak terdapat perbedaan kemandirian belajar siswa antara yang menggunakan pembelajaran reciprocal teaching dengan yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.
The Covid-19 pandemic has made students learn through online learning, which is different from face-to-face learning. As a result, several problems might occurred due to this changing both for students and teachers. Online learning caused students to experience various academic problems, such as unstable internet connections, difficulties in understanding the materials, having more assignments, additional costs for buying internet packages, being unfamiliar with the online learning system, and increasing parents’ burden to help children in learning. Some of the problems mentioned above became a stressor for students in taking online learning. Based on the phenomenon reported by BK teachers at schools, male students were less disciplined in managing time during online learning. it was found that many male students skipped the class during online learning; many assignments were not submitted on time. As a result, their academic achievement decreased. On the other hand, female students focused more on the online learning and they were more likely to stay at home, so that it was easier for them to adapt to online learning compared to male students. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the level of academic stress of male and female students. The research samples were 155 students and the instrument in this study was an academic stress scale. This study obtained that the validity of the instruments was 0.3 and the reliability was 0.875. Then, the data were analyzed by independent sample T-test and descriptive analysis. The results showed that there were differences in the academic stress of male students and female students, in which the academic stress of the male students was higher than the academic stress of the female students.
This paper applies the panel technique to investigate relationships between tourism development and economic growth in Indonesia (including 33 provinces) for the 2011-2021 period. The research method used the Solow growth model with Harrod Neutral approach and derived into the econometrics model by Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with the gross regional domestic product as a dependent variable and proxied of economic growth. Independent variables include gross fixed capital formation as proxied of capital, labor, and tourism indicator. The tourism indicator is measured the average length of total guests, domestic guests, and foreign guests in the classified hotel. Using FEM, the result showed that gross fixed capital formation, labor, and the average length of domestic guests significantly positively affect economic growth. The other, the foreign guest has no significant effect on economic growth. Additionally, tourism development has a more significant impact on economic growth from domestic guests than from foreign guests. Finally, the panel analysis shows a significant effect of the modeling, especially tourism indicator, to promote economic growth in 16 provinces in Indonesia. Thus, our empirical findings have significant policy implications for supporting tourism development in all provinces for growing economic highly.
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