The purpose of this research is to systematically review the literature published ini past 42 years on behavioural biases in investment decision making. This paper highlights the major gaps in the existing studies on behavioural biases. It also aims raise specific questions for future research. The design of this research employ systematic literature review (SLR) method in the present study. The prominence research is assessed by studying the year of publication, journal of publication, country of study, types of statistical method, data collection technique and content analysis on literature on behavioural biases. The present study is based on 41 selected articles published in peer review journals between 1980 and 2022. The result show that much of the existing literature on behavioural biases indicates the limited research in developed economies in this area, the dominance of the primary data on data collection technique, the lack of empirical research on individuals who exhibit herd behaviour, the dominance theory used in the existing literature on behavioural biases in investment decision making is prospect theory.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of executive compensation, executive character, sales growth, and capital intensity on tax avoidance with leverage as a mediating variable. This study uses samples from manufacturing companies in the various industrial sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2017-2020 period. This study uses a purposive sampling method and the total sample are 48 companies. The data analytical technique is multiple linear regression analysis. The test results reveal that executive compensation, executive compensation, sales growth, capital intensity have no effect on tax avoidance. While, the executive character has an effect on tax avoidance. Leverage can mediate the effect of capital intensity on tax avoidance. Leverage can not mediate the effect of executive compensation, executive character, and sales growth on tax avoidance. Keywords: Executive Compensation, Executive Character, Sales Growth, Capital Intensity, Tax Avoidance, Leverage.

Pada umumnya, manajemen yang berhasil adalah manajemen yang efisien namun juga efektif. Karena manajemen yang efisien saja akan sia-sia jika gagal dalam mencapai tujuannya karena kurang efektif, dan manajemen yang efektif saja akan sangat mungkin terjadi pemborosan karena tidak efisien. Dalam agama Islam sangat menganjurkan efisiensi, mulai dari efisiensi keuangan, waktu, bahkan dalam berkata dan berbuat yang sia-sia (tidak ada manfaat dan tidak ada keburukan) saja diperintahkan untuk meninggalkannya, apalagi berbuat yang mengandung keburukan atau kerugian. Untuk menentukan apakah suatu kegiatan dalam organisasi itu termasuk efisien atau tidak maka prinsip-prinsip atau persyaratan efisiensi harus terpenuhi.

The purpose of this study is to examine specifically related to the governance and accountability of cooperatives that have been carried out in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative design, with a population of 125 journals and through purposive sampling, a sample of 35 journals was obtained. The results of the journal review can be concluded: (1). The trend of research on governance and accountability of cooperatives in Indonesia is mostly done with a qualitative design, obtained the concept: to improve governance can be done through socialization and training on SPI to managers; comply with ethical principles and rules; the accountability aspect must be audited by KAP; the role of government; principles of transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Measurement of the dimensions of democracy, the quality of human resources, transparency, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Good financial planning, transparency and accountability in financial management, increasing management commitment, knowledge, understanding of the duties and authorities of management regarding business risks and communication. Factors of members, administrators and supervisors as well as honesty and understanding; Sharia good corporate governance requires supervision from the Supervisory Board. Understanding of the important role of cooperatives for improving the community's economy, consistency in preparing financial reports. (2). Based on the quantitative design, it is concluded: cooperative governance and accountability have a positive and significant effect and accountability as a mediating variable on cooperative performance, there is no difference between financial accountability performance before and during the pandemic, cooperative reform has a positive and significant effect on cooperative governance and cooperative governance has no effect on the effectiveness of lending.

This study investigates accountability practices of Indonesian state universities during the reform implementation for being autonomous universites called as PTN Badan Hukum. Although the reform has been implemented based on government regulation, lack of empirical study can be viewed in published articles. For that reason, this study is addresed to filling the lack of accountability research in the reform of state universities in Indonesia. The context of the reform is the adoption of autonomous universities that are more close to the concept of privatisation affected by the internationalization objective of national agenda. Interpretive research approach is adopted to develop inductively a conceptual perspective based on central phenomenon. Moreover, the cases of the study are three Indonesian state universities  which implement the form of autonomous state university with pseudo named as UG, UD and UA. Straussian grounded theory approach was adopted in data analysis and collection. The central phenomenon of substantive grounded theory is labelled as multiple accountability responses in various institutional logic during transformation process of state universities that have been transformed from fully governed by Indonesia government become autonomous entities. The main finding of the study explains the presence of various institutional accountibility logics practiced in the context of internationalization process of Indonesia higher education institutions. The various institutional logics arise from personal, professional, managerial and public accountability logics. The various accountability logics display from two different environmental background that are university with less and high internationalization. Less and moderate conflict are resulted from low and high internationalization achievement respectively. The practice of accountability seem displaying more emphasize on public accountability logic in social level, managerial accountability logic in organizational level, personal and professional in individual level. The contribution of this research relates to empirical findings that enrich higher education accountability research in developing countries, employs interpretive methodology and grounded theory, and provides incremental development of institutional logics theory in explaining organizational change in a specific context.

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