The present study primarily is an attempt to establish a technique on the disposal scheme for the wastewater coming out as an effluent from milk industries with proper environmental guides and regulations. Apart from the wastewater treatment methodology development, the present work mainly focuses on the attainment of high value product, such as the production of galactosyl-oligosaccharide (GOS) in batch reactor and as well as in recycle membrane reactor after hydrolyzing recovered lactose from the whey stream with -galactosidase enzyme originated, from Bacillus circulans. Around 77-78% purity of this GOS was achieved with threestep membrane separation techniques: the first one was the ultrafiltration followed by diafiltration equipped nanofiltration. In recycle membrane reactor, GOS production was found to be 33% higher than that in the batch reactor, and monosaccharide concentration was 78% lower with 23% remaining enzyme activity after 18,000 s of reaction time.

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Ceria nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are generally considered in various functional applications, such as catalysts in fuel cells, sensors, and antioxidant and oxidase-like enzymes in the biological environment. The CeO2 NPs were synthesized using the E. globulus leaf extract-mediated hydrothermal technique. The synthesized NPs were characterized by various analytical instruments including powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. The XRD results showed an average NPs sizes of 13.7 nm. Cytotoxic study results showed an IC50 value of 45.5 µg/L for A549 and 58.2 µg/L for HCT 116, indicating that CeO2 NPs are more toxic to A549 compared to HCT116 cell lines. The generation of ROS was responsible for its cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines. Specific surface area (40.96 m2/g) and pore diameter (7.8 nm) were measured using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. CeO2 NPs with a high surface area were used as photocatalyst in degrading sunset yellow (SY) dye under UV-irradiation and 97.3% of the dye was degraded within 90 min. These results suggest that the synthesized CeO2 NPs could be used as a good photocatalyst as well as a cytotoxic agent against human cancer cell lines.