Spermatogenesis takes place in a hypoxic environment, and antioxidant enzymes protect germ and somatic cells from free radical-mediated damage. Expression of the antioxidant enzyme system in the canine testis has not yet been investigated. We hypothesized that the slow-release GnRH superagonist deslorelin 4.7 mg implant, which induces temporary reversible suppression of endocrine and germinative testicular function, would affect the testicular expression of antioxidant enzymes compared to untreated adult and prepubertal dogs. The goal of this study was to investigate and compare gene (by qPCR, in whole-tissue homogenates) and protein expression (by immunohistochemistry) of superoxide dismutase (SOD1, SOD2), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), and glutathione disulfide reductase (GSR) in the testes of untreated adult (CON, n = 7), prepubertal (PRE, n = 8), and deslorelin-treated (DES, n = 5, 16 weeks after implantation) dogs. We found that in DES dogs, the gene expression of SOD1 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower and GPx1 was higher than in CON, and SOD2 was higher than in PRE. Expression of all, except for the SOD2 mRNA, differed between the CON and PRE dogs. Immunohistochemistry showed distinct cell-specific localization and expression patterns for the antioxidant enzymes in each experimental group. Additionally, in the CON animals, cell-specific SOD1, CAT, and GSR expression was dependent on the stage of the seminiferous epithelium cycle. These findings confirm that members of the antioxidant enzyme system are present in normal adult and prepubertal testis as well as in the deslorelin-treated downregulated adult canine testis, and that this local antioxidant system protects developing germ cells and somatic cells from oxidative damage. Different expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes in various germ cell populations and stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle may indicate differences in their susceptibility to oxidative stress depending on their developmental and maturation stage. The continued presence of the antioxidant enzymes in the testis of DES dogs offers protection to spermatogonia as well as Sertoli and Leydig cells from oxidative stress during temporary infertility, potentially contributing to ensure the reversibility of suppression and the return of normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis after the end of deslorelin treatment.
The present study determined the possible protective effect of pumpkin seed oil (PSO) on cellular apoptosis detection by immunehistochemical method (with (active) caspase-3, -4, 8 and -9 antibodies) in liver tissue and some biochemical parameters; serum ALT activity, vitamin E, plasma 8-OHdG and liver MDA levels, SDH and GPx activities on chronic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats. A total of 80 Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of ten rats each: Group I served as control, receiving vehicle 0.9% NaCl (1.0 mL/kg); Group II was given intraperitoneally CCl4 at a dose of 0.2 mL/kg, 1:1 mixture with corn oil, twice a week for 8 weeks. Groups III, IV and V were daily treated with PSO through gavage for 8 weeks (1, 2 and 3 mL/kg, respectively). Groups VI, VII and VIII were administered with intraperitoneally CCl4 (0.2 mL/kg) twice a week and simultaneously PSO by gavage for 8 weeks (1, 2 and 3 mL/kg, respectively). Groups VII and VIII were showed a partial decrease of steatosis in the hepatocytes while the findings in the Group VI were similar to Group II. Compared to Group II, the severity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities were not changed in the Group VI but Group VII and VIII were partially reduced. As a result, although no positive effect of 1 mL/kg PSO on liver damage was observed, it has been concluded that PSO has some ameliorative effects by decreasing the levels of biochemical parameters and histopathology in 2 and 3 mL/kg PSO groups. Dose and duration dependent further investigations need to be performed to understand the dose that produces the best result without any side effect.
Bu çalışmada, karbon tetrakloru r (CCl4) ile kronik karaciğ er hasarı oluşturulan ratlarda nar çekirdeğ i yağ ının (NÇY) karaciğ er dokusunda oluşabilecek lezyonlar u zerine koruyucu etkisi ve biyokimyasal değ erleri araştırılmıştır.Çalışmada 32 adet, her ğrupta 8 rat olmak u zere 4 ğruba ayrıldı. İ lk ğrup kontrol olarak belirlendi. İ kinci ğruba 12 hafta her ğu n 2 ml/kğ dozunda NÇY ğavaj ile verildi. Ü çu ncu ğruba dilu e edilen 0.2 ml/kğ iki doz CCl4 her hafta 3 ğu n ara ile intraperitoneal olarak enjekte edildi. Do rdu ncu ğruba 2 ml/kğ dozunda NÇY 12 hafta her ğu n, ğavaj ile verilirken her hafta 3 ğu n ara ile 2 doz CCl4 uyğulandı.Kontrol ğruplarında normal karaciğ er doku yapısı ğo zlenirken; CCl4+NÇY ğrubu hepatositlerde CCl4 ğrubuna ğo re daha az yoğ unlukta makro ve mikroveziku ler yağ vakuolleri ğo ru ldu . NÇY uyğulamalarında histopatolojik değ işiklikler kısmen CCl4 ğrubuna ğo re kısmen azalırken, kaspaz 3 ve 9 aktivitesi de sınırlı sayıda azaldı. Kronik olarak CCl4 uyğulanan ğruplarda serum ALT aktivitesi ve karaciğ er MDA du zeyleri o nemli du zeyde artış ğo sterirken, NÇY uyğulamaları istatistiki o nemde etkilenmedi.Kronik CCl4 ile NÇY verilen deney ğruplarında karaciğ er hasarı u zerinde biyokimyasal veriler ve histopatolojik lezyonlar u zerine iyileştirici yo nden anlamlı bir etkisi ğo zlenmedi.
The carcasses of three 1-year-old, Leghorn chickens were presented for necropsy; one of the chickens was told to have shown neurological signs before death. At necropsy, meningeal and cerebral hyperemia were observed in the carcass that had neurological symptoms, and diarrhea was evident in the other two chickens. Histopathological examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, myositis in skeletal and cardiac muscles, and focal nonsuppurative hepatitis, and nephritis. Bradyzoites and tachyzoites were present in the meninges and brain. The present case is the first report of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a chicken in Turkey.
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