ObjectiveThe aims of this study were 1) to identify the level of inflammatory biomarkers interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, C-reactive protein (CRP), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), ferritin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and synovial fluid samples of patients who underwent revision arthroplasty surgery; 2) to establish the relationship between serum and synovial fluid levels; 3) to determine if any of the 11 genetic polymorphisms of TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, and GCSF on the encoding genes was associated with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).MethodsSynovial fluid and serum was collected from 88 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty surgery. The Musculoskeletal Infection Society definition was used to classify these patients into 2 groups: 36 PJIs and 52 aseptic failures. Synovial fluid and serum samples were tested for 9 biomarkers using a micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Genetic polymorphisms were evaluated with polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease analysis.ResultsSynovial fluid-derived IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-17, CRP, GCSF, TNFα, and serum-derived IL-6, IL-17, ferritin, CRP were found suitable to classify PJI and aseptic failure. In addition, IL-17 and CRP levels demonstrated a positive correlation between synovial fluid and serum. TNFα-238, IL6-174, GCSF3R, and IL1 RN-VNTR genetic polymorphisms occurred more frequently in individuals with septic failure.ConclusionSignificant differences between the two groups were observed in the functional polymorphisms of the genes encoding the cytokines investigated. These differences could be interpreted as indicating that there is an association between PJI and genetic polymorphisms.Level of evidenceLevel III, diagnostic study.
We have documented the characteristics of the dominant MRSA clone in our hospital, which was a PVL (-), sasX (-) ST239 clone carrying sea (+) with type-III SCCmec, and type-1 agr locus.
* Bu çalışma, Ankara Üniversitesi Araştırma Fonu tarafından 12B3330006 proje numarasıyla desteklenmiş ve 2. KlinikMikrobiyoloji Kongresi (9-13 Kasım 2013, Belek, Antalya)'nde poster olarak sunulmuştur. ÖZETAcinetobacter baumannii hastanelerde, özellikle yoğun bakım ünitelerinde mortalite ve morbiditeyi artıran, hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonların önemli bir nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik örneklerden izole edilen A.baumannii suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıklarını, direnç genlerini ve izolatların birbirleriyle olan klonal ilişkilerini değerlendirip, hastanemizde bu bakteriye ilişkin direnç mekanizmalarını ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmaya, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi İbn-i Sina Hastanesi Merkez Bakteriyoloji Laboratuvarına Nisan 2010-Aralık 2011 tarihleri arasında gönderilen 160 yatan hastaya ait 201 klinik örnekten izole edilen (trakeal aspirat %35.3, kan %27.3, apse %18.4, diğer %19) Acinetobacter suşu alınmıştır. A.baumannii izolatlarının tanımlanması ve amikasin, siprofloksasin, tetrasiklin, sulbaktam/ ampisilin, trimetoprim/sülfametoksazol (TMP-SMZ), seftazidim, gentamisin, imipenem, levofloksasin, meropenem, piperasilin/tazobaktam, sefoperazon/sulbaktam, sefepim ve kolistine karşı duyarlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi otomatize sistemler [Vitek 2 (bioMérieux, Fransa) ve BD Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, ABD)] ile yapılmıştır. Beta-laktam direncine neden olan enzimatik mekanizmalar ve integron taşıyıcılığı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PCR) yöntemiyle araştırılmıştır. Türkiye'de sık görülmesi nedeniyle bla PER-1
Biofilm production is an important virulence factor which allows staphylococci to adhere to medical devices. The principal component of biofilm is a "polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)" which is composed of a beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine polymer synthesized by an enzyme (N-acetylglucosamine transferase) encoded by the ica operon found on the bacterial chromosome. This operon is composed of four genes (A, B, C, and D), and a transposable element IS256. In this study, we aimed to determine the biofilm production characteristics of invasive/non-invasive staphylococcus isolates and different staphylococcus species. Biofilm production of 166 staphylococci was phenotypically investigated on Congo Red Agar (CRA); the presence of icaA, icaD and IS256 genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 74 of the isolates (44.6%) were identified as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 25 (15.1%) as methicillin sensitive S.aureus (MSSA), 25 (37.3%) as Staphylococcus hominis, 20 (12%) as S.epidermidis, ten (15%) as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, nine (13.4%) as Staphylococcus capitis, two (3%) Staphylococcus saprophyticus and one (1.5%) as Staphylococcus warnerii. Of the MRSA strains, 52 were isolated from blood and 22 from nose; all MSSA strains were isolated from nose cultures. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains were composed of invasive and non-invasive strains isolated from nose, catheter tip and blood cultures from patients with catheter. Production with CRA method was found to be statistically significant in invasive isolates (p< 0.001). It is concluded that; as the biofilm formation capacity of invasive isolates can cause refractory infections and the importance of carriage and hospital infections of these bacteria, it is important to prevent the spread of these isolates. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for the investigation of biofilm formation in staphylococci. 40.3% of the CoNS isolates, and 85.8% of S.aureus isolates produced biofilm on CRA (p< 0.001) and with PCR method the ratio of carrying three genes was found to be statistically important in S.aureus when compared with CoNS. Carriage of three genes and biofilm formation capacity of invasive isolates can cause refractory infections and the importance of carriage and hospital infections of these bacteria, it is important to prevent the spread of these isolates. A combination of phenotypic and genotypic tests is recommended for the investigation of biofilm formation in staphylococci.
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