Sustainable utilisation of solid waste has been influenced by the increasing population of the world. Benefits of using solid waste based on natural fibre in polymer material are biodegradability and cost effectiveness. In poultry farms, chicken poultry, one of the slaughterhouse wastes is confronted with 30 106 kg of waste per year in Turkey. The evaluation of this waste, which is quite rich in keratin, is extremely important both for the solution of the waste problem and for maintaining a clean environment, bringing this valuable material to the economy. These fibres are stable, durable and biodegradable because they have a crystalline structure. However, this valuable waste will have a positive effect when used together with boron minerals, which both increase the mechanical properties, flame retardancy and biodegradation of composite material. In this study, it is the aim to manufacture superior polyester-based composite materials reinforced with three kinds of boron minerals, such as boron oxide, borax pentahydrate, borax decahydrate and fibres recycled from waste chicken feathers. The effect of different filling ratios of filling materials on the mechanical and physical properties of composite materials was examined. Flame retardancy properties of the composites with best mechanical results were investigated. After pouring by means of the pre-casting process, the water absorption and swelling thickness of final products, as well as density, bending strength, flexural modulus, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscope analysis, was performed. Mixing prescriptions and conditions with the best properties were determined.

Bu çalışmada, atık yumurta kabuğundan hazırlanan katkı ile güçlendirilmiş polyester esaslı kompozit malzeme üretilmiştir. Atık yumurta kabukları yerel bir yemek firmasından alınarak temizlenip, kurutulup öğütülmüş ve ardından elenmiştir. Polyestere farklı oranlarda yumurta kabuğu takviye oranı (12

In this study, the aim was to increase the adhesion between the two phases (glass substrate and BNNSs film). Surface treatment was provided by TEOS silane group and piranha solution. The retention times of the glass surfaces in the piranha solution and the adherence of different ratios of the silane solution to the glass surface were investigated. Surface characterization was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT-IR). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images were taken to characterize the surface morphology, the thickness of the thin films and the structure of boron nitride nanosheets. UV visible spectrophotometer was used to determine the efficiency of boron nitride nanosheets after the exfoliation process. Surface roughness tester (Time TR200) was used to determine surface roughness of the thin films. According to the results, it was observed that the piranha and silane solutions improved the adhesion of the glass surface. SEM images showed that the silane was coated on the glass surface and the coating material was retained on the silane. Excess silane loading caused the structure to deteriorate. Boron nitride yield was calculated and found to be 54.1% and 34.1% for different centrifugation rates after exfoliation.

UV absorbers are used to reduce the harmful effects of UV rays and to ensure that the properties of the materials are adequately protected. To protect against UV rays, one of the UV absorber molecules can reduce the combined energy of radiation to thermal energy that provides less energy in a photophysical process. Inorganic materials such as metal oxide semiconductors can effectively absorb UV irradiation and exhibit good heat-resistance properties. TiO2, CeO2, and ZnO are inorganic compounds with UV protective properties. Since some of these compounds are colored, their use is limited. Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are alternative UV inhibitors to these inorganic compounds. In this study BNNSs/PVB multilayer thin films were produced for the protection of glass packages using the dip-coating method. Riviera olive oil (RO-oil) samples in the both coated and uncoated bottle were exposed to UV irradiation for different times (75, 170, 360 and 720 hours). After the UV irradiation at different times, the total phenol and antioxidant contents in RO-oil were determined by Folin Ciacalteu and DPPH methods. The color change of RO-oil after UV irradiation was determined by UV visible spectrophotometer. Specific absorption coefficients K232 and K270 in the ultraviolet region were measured to determine the oxidation degree of RO-oil after degradation. Free fatty acid (FFA) of RO-oil after UV irradiation was determined by the titration method. According to the results of the analysis, the acidity values of RO-oil were preserved 20 times compared to the uncoated glass bottle after 720 hours UV. BNNSs/PVB coating was also effective in preserving total phenol, antioxidant contents and oxidation state of RO-oils under long term UV irradiation.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tavuk kesim tesislerinde ortaya çıkan atık tavuk tüyünün siltli zeminlerin iyileştirilmesinde katkı malzemesi olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağının araştırılmasıdır. Zayıf temel zeminlerinde karşılaşılan yetersiz taşıma gücü ve yüksek deformasyon sorunları temel zeminini iyileştirme konusunda yeni yöntemlerin geliştirilmesini ve uygulamasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Mekanik iyileştirmenin yeterli olmadığı veya kullanılamadığı durumlarda kimyasal iyileştirme veya atıkların kullanılması bir alternatif olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, silte %1 ve %3 oranlarında toz atık tavuk tüyü, kesilmiş atık tavuk tüyü ve tam atık tavuk tüyü olacak şekilde tavuk tüyleri eklenerek karışımlar hazırlanmış ve standart kompaksiyon deneyi ile hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde serbest basınç deneyi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, atık tavuk tüyünün pahalı liflere alternatif potansiyel malzeme olabileceği fakat daha farklı boyutta, farklı oranlarda ve farklı katkı malzemeleriyle deney sayısının arttırılmasının gerekli olduğu görülmüştür.