How to cite this article: Kaba D, Akin Sari B. Acute stress disorder with panic episodes induced by exposure to COVID-19 outbreak news in a child.

Çalışmamızın amacı DSM-IV-TR tanı ölçütlerine göre Yaygın Gelişimsel Bozukluk (YGB) tanısı konan erken çocukluk dönemindeki olguların, DSM-5 Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) ve Sosyal İletişim Bozukluğu (SİB) tanı kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmesi; otizmin klinik şiddetinin, eşlik eden emosyonel-duygusal sorunların, yaş ve cinsiyet farklılığının tanı üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya DSM-IV-TR'ye göre YGB tanı ölçütlerini karşılayan ve yaşları 18-72 ay arasında değişen 80 çocuk alınmıştır. Otizm belirtilerinin şiddeti Çocukluk Otizmini Derecelendirme Ölçeği (CARS) ve Otistik Davranışları Değerlendirme Listesi (ABC) ile; eşlik eden davranışsal-duygusal sorunlar, Sorun Davranış Kontrol Listesi (AbBC) ölçeğiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: YGB tanısı alan olgulardan 9'u (%11,8) DSM-5 tanı ölçütlerine göre OSB tanısını karşılamamış olup, bunlardan 6'sı SİB ölçütlerini karşılarken; 3'ü yaşlarının küçük olması sebebiyle SİB ölçütlerine göre değerlendirilememiş, dolayısıyla iki tanı sınıfında da yer almamıştır. OSB tanısını karşılayan grubun ortalama CARS, ABC ve AbBC puanlarının karşılamayanlara göre istatistiksel açıdan daha yüksek olduğu; yaş ve cinsiyet açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bulgular doğrultusunda belirti sayısı çok olan ve şiddetli belirtiler sergileyen olguların DSM-5'e göre OSB tanısını karşılama ihtimalinin artmasından söz edilebilirken; eşik altı OSB belirtileri taşıyan bazı olguların ise yeni tanı ölçütlere göre atlanabileceği düşünülmüştür.

Early diagnosis of autism certainly stands as one of the most important determinants to ensure a better prognosis of the disorder, it is common that the screening programs to ensure this, end up not being implemented in health systems of many countries. This may stem from the disadvantages of classically suggested scale‐based screening (SBS) programs. This study presents a nationwide recognition and referral model for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), in order to meet the obvious need for new methods. The model consists of interactive video‐based training (IVBAT) of health care workers (HCW), a system where family physicians (FPs) record five probable indicators of autism in their family medicine information system; and is therefore, a practical referral system in which the FP may refer a child with any suggestive finding to a child psychiatrist and may well continue to monitor recently diagnosed cases. The autism teams consist of trained child psychiatrists and coordinators, who delivered trainings to 29,612 FPs and 23,511 nurses countrywide. Of 98.8% FPs were trained throughout the country. Total of 1,863,096 children were reported to have a brief examination of autism signs in Family Medicine Units by trained FPs and nurses. A total of 55,314 (2.96%) these children were deemed at risk for ASD and were referred to child psychiatrists. In the evaluation of 55,314 children by child psychiatrists, 10,087 cases were diagnosed with developmental disorders, while 3226 of children at risk were diagnosed with autism. The results of this study, which reached to the largest sample to date, suggest that some other alternative methods, in addition to SBS should also be tested in order to screen ASD. Lay Summary In this study, a nationwide recognition and referral model for early identification of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is presented. Scale‐based screening (SBS) is the most recommended model for autism, however, it is clear that most countries can not implement this model in their health system. The results of this study, which reached to the largest sample to date, suggest that SBS may not be the only me for screening ASD and that alternative methods should be tried, as there is an obvious need for exploratory approaches.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic and the measures for controlling the pandemic adversely affected child and adolescent mental health; however, studies that examined the effects of the pandemic on child and adolescent mental health services are limited. This study aimed to determine the changes in admission to a child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic (CAPOC) in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the previous year. Methods: In this study, the information regarding admissions to Başkent University Faculty of Medicine’s CAPOC between March 2019 and March 2021 was examined. Information including age, sex, admission date, the form of admission (first admission/follow-up), and the diagnosis was obtained from the electronic medical record system and the differences between the pre-pandemic period and the pandemic period were assessed. Results: It was found that during the pandemic, there was a decrease in CAPOC admissions; however, both female admissions and median age increased compared with the previous year. Also, admissions due to obsessive-compulsive disorder and somatic symptom-related disorders increased. Conclusions: Although there were fewer CAPOC admissions during the pandemic period compared with the pre-pandemic period, there were differences between the age, sex, and diagnosis distributions of the patients between the pandemic and the pre-pandemic period. Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CAPOC admissions will help plan child and adolescent mental health protective measures.

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Co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder and very early onset schizophrenia: a case report Very early onset schizophrenia (VEOS) is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric disorder and has received too little attention in the medical literature. Previous studies have suggested that VEOS had a tendency of a worse prognosis and outcome than adult onset schizophrenia. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a life-long impairing heterogeneous disorder, characterized by severe and pervasive impairments in multiple areas of psychological development. Co-occurrence of ASD and VEOS is reported very rarely in the literature. This paper reports on a case diagnosed as ASD with a VEOS comorbidity. With this case report, it is aimed to review the differential diagnosis, common and different clinical features, neuroimaging findings and genetic and environmental etiologies of these two psychopathologies in the light of the literature.