Rhinomanometry is a functional test of nasal aerodynamics that measures transnasal airflow and the pressure gradient allowing nasal resistance to be calculated from these data. Three methods of rhinomanometry that are currently in use are anterior rhinomanometry, posterior (peroral) rhinomanometry and postnasal (pernasal) rhinomanometry. The usefulness of this method has increased owing to the development of technology and use of microcomputers connected to the measuring devices. Rhinomanometry can be used for: clinical evaluation of the symptom of nasal obstruction; research in nasal physiology; allergy challenge testing; pre- and post-treatment assessments of surgical or medical therapy; and evaluation of patients with sleep apnea.
Food allergies occur in 1-2% of adults and in 8% of children under 6 years of age. Food-induced allergies are immunological reactions that cause a variety of symptoms affecting the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and respiratory tract. The reactions are mediated by both IgE- and non-IgE-dependent (cellular) mechanisms. Isolated food-induced allergic rhinitis is not common as it frequently occurs together with other food allergy symptoms such as asthma, eczema, oral allergic manifestations, urticaria, and gastrointestinal symptoms. The present paper provides an overview of food allergies and food-induced allergic rhinitis.
Nasal polyposis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa. Etiology remains unclear, but allergy, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, cystic fibrosis, and infection have been associated with the disease. Clinically, nasal obstruction, anosmia/hyposmia, rhinorrhea, postnasal drainage, headaches, facial pain, and sleep disorders constitute the main symptoms. Intranasal examination reveals bilateral, mobile, grey, smooth and semi translucent polypoid masses that usually originate in the ethmoid sinuses or the middle meatus. Differential diagnosis is important to rule out congenital anomalies, as well as benign or malignant tumors. In the evaluation of nasal polyps, computerized tomography is helpful especially in determining the extent of the disease and in planning the surgical approach. Management of nasal polyposis consists of medical therapy and surgery. Surgical treatment is performed in cases that are refractory to medical therapy. Recurrence of nasal polyps is quite common and medical therapy after surgery is often necessary for avoiding recurrences. This paper aims to summarize the current trends in the diagnosis, management of nasal polyposis and relevant patents.
Amaç: Bu çalışmada, alerjik rinit tedavisinde endonazal fototerapinin yaşam kalitesi, burun tıkanıklığı ve diğer semptomlar üzerine etkisi, görsel analog ölçeği (GAÖ), sinonazal sonuç testi-20 (SNOT-20) ve akustik rinometri ile değerlendirildi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler:Çalışmaya en az iki yıldır anti alerjik ilaçlara dirençli alerjik rinit yakınması olan ve fayda görmeyen 24 hasta (6 erkek 18 kadın; ort. yaş 41.3±13.0 yıl; dağılım 20-60 yıl) dahil edildi. Her hastaya Rhinolight (Rhinolight Ltd, Szeged, Hungary) ile iki hafta boyunca, haftada üç kez toplam altı seans endonazal fototerapi uygulandı. Araştırma süresince hiçbir hastaya ek tedavi uygulanmadı. Tedavi öncesi ve tedaviden bir ay sonra hastalar görsel analog ölçeği ve SNOT-20 formlarını doldurdu ve burun tıkanıklıkları akustik rinometri ile değer-lendirildi. Bulgular:Tedavi sonrası GAÖ puan ortalaması ve SNOT-20 total puan ortalaması tedavi öncesi elde edilen sonuçlardan anlamlı derecede düşük bulundu (p= 0.0001, p= 0.0001). Hapşırma, burun akıntısı, geniz akıntısı ve öksürük gibi semptomlarda tedavi sonrası anlamlı derecede azalma vardı (p=0.0001). Burun tıkanıklığının akustik rinometri ile objektif değerlendirilmesinde tedavi öncesi ve sonrası bulgularda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı.Sonuç: Endonazal fototerapi, anti alerjik ilaçlara dirençli alerjik rinit hastalarında semptomların düzelmesinde etkin bir yöntemdir. Endonazal fototerapinin yaşam kalitesi üze-rine olumlu etkileri olduğu tespit edildi. Ancak burun tıka-nıklığına etkisi objektif bir yöntem olan akustik rinometri ile saptanamadı.Anahtar Sözcükler: Alerjik rinit; endonazal fototerapi; immünote-rapi. Objectives:In this study, we assessed the effect of endonasal phototherapy on quality of life, nasal obstruction and the other symptoms in allergic rhinitis with visual analog scale (VAS), sinonasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20), and acoustic rhinometry. Patients and Methods:Twenty-four patients (6 males, 18 females; mean age 41.3±13.0 years; range 20 to 60 years) suffering allergic rhinitis refractory to anti allergic drugs for at least two years were enrolled in the study. Each patient underwent a total of six sessions of endonasal phototherapy with Rhinolight (Rhinolight Ltd, Szeged, Hungary) performed three times a week for two weeks. During course of the investigation, additional therapy was not applied to any of the patients. Before and one month after treatment, patients completed visual analog scale and SNOT-20 forms and nasal obstruction was evaluated with acoustic rhinometry.Results: After the treatment, the mean VAS score and the mean total SNOT-20 score were found lower than the results before the therapy (p= 0.0001, p= 0.0001). A significant decrease was found in the scores of sneezing, nasal discharge, postnasal drainage, coughing after treatment (p=0.0001). During objective evaluation of nasal obstruction with acoustic rhinometry, no statistically significant difference was found between pre-and post-treatment findings. Conclusion:Endonasal phototherapy is an effective modal...
Introduction Sustained virologic response in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C can be achieved with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in recent years. Monitoring virologic and histologic response to treatment is essential and noninvasive methods are preferred. In our study, we aimed to determine the regression of fibrosis following DAA treatment with serum fibrosis indices constituting a noninvasive method. Method Patients with chronic hepatitis C to whom DAA treatment is started between January 2016 and January 2018 in our clinic are evaluated retrospectively. The fibrosis scores [fibrosis 4 index (FIB-4), aminotransferase platelet ratio (APRI), Fibro QKing score, age platelet index, Goteburg University Cirrhosis Index (GUCI), aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase ratio (AAR)] are calculated with routine biochemical and hematologic tests of DAA-treated patients before treatment, at the end of treatment, and in the 12th and 24th weeks of treatment. In total, the course of seven scores calculated at four separate times including baseline was recorded and compared. Results In total 91 patients are included in the study. The average age was 51.16 ± 13.78 and 59.3% (n = 54) of patients were women. According to the baseline FIB-4 values, the patients were grouped as cirrhotic or noncirrhotic, and 11 of them were cirrhotic (12.1%). Statistically significant regression in APRI, FIB-4, GUCI and King scores is seen in all groups regardless of their cirrhotic status, treatment experience or genotype (P < 0.001). Specified scores had a positive, significant correlation with pretreatment biopsy results [area under curve (AUC): 0.800, 0.782, 0.749 and 0.746]. Conclusion: APRI, FIB-4, GUCI and King scores that have a positive correlation with biopsy can also be used for fibrosis recovery follow-up after treatment with DAAs.
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