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In the study, the relationship of follicular growth waves, oestradiol and pregnancy rates were investigated during oestrus cycle in cows. A total of 22, Brown Swiss cows (3-5 years old) were used for the study. The ovaries of animals were examined from sixth day of cycle to next oestrus by ultrasound. The follicles that were present in the ovarium were recorded. Follicular growth was observed every day by means of ultrasound examination. The blood samples were taken for analysis of oestradiol simultaneously with ultrasound examinations. The oestrus animals were inseminated. Each animal that inseminated was examined by ultrasound on day 28 after insemination for pregnancy diagnosis. Two follicular growth waves were observed in nine of 22 (40.9%), three waves in 13 of 22 (59.1%) animals. The oestradiol was found in the same concentration but in different release patterns between two and three waves animals. Pregnancy rate in cows with three and two follicular waves did not differ. In conclusion, emergence of three waves of follicular growth was higher in Brown Swiss cows, the analysis of oestradiol could be used for determination of the wave numbers and the animals with different waves may have had the same pregnancy rates.

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ÖZETAMAÇ: Bu çalışma 6-18 ay arası bebeği olan annelerin, emzirme ve anne sütüne ilişkin geleneksel uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. YÖNTEMLER: Tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışmanın evrenini Aralık 2012-Şubat 2013 tarihleri arasında Çanakkale ili, Ezine ilçesindeki bir Aile Sağlığı Merkezine kayıtlı 6-18 ay bebeği olan tüm anneler oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemine, çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 212 anne alınmıştır. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen anket formu aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler Ki-kare, yüzdelik ve aritmetik ortalama ile değerlendirilmiştir. BULGULAR: Yaş ortalaması 28.47±4.71 olan annelerin, %51.4'ü okur yazar/ilkokul mezunu, %82.5'i ev hanımı, %75.5'i orta gelirli ve %53.8'i kasabada ikamet etmektedir. Annelerin %85.4'ü ilk 6 ayda anne sütünün yeterli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Annelerin anne sütünü artırdığını düşündükleri besinler %58 sütlü tatlılar, %42 soğan/sarımsak, %16.6 bulgur, %16.5 kuru üzüm, %11.3 börülcedir. Sütü artırdığına inanılan içecekler %57.5 bitkisel çaylar, %50.5 su, %38.2 süttür. Anne sütünü artırmak için yapılan geleneksel uygulamalar ise %29.7 sık emzirme, %23.1 nazar boncuğu takma, %23.1 çok sıvı tüketmedir. Annelerin ortalama emzirme süresi 12.61±4.31 ay olup, %13.2'si ilk 6 ay içinde bebeklerini memeden ayırmıştır. Annelerin memeden ayırma yöntemleri incelendiğinde; biberonla ek besin vermek (%25.3), su ve meyve suyuyla oyalamak (%14), memeye salça sürmek (%10), saç koymak (%10), kara sürmek (%8.7), bebeği ayrı eve göndermek (%8.7) gibi geleneksel yöntemler uyguladıkları tespit edilmiştir. SONUÇ: Çalışmanın sonucunda, annelerin anne sütünü artırmak ve bebeklerini memeden ayırmak için geleneksel yöntemlere başvurdukları saptanmıştır. Ebe/hemşirelerin bu uygulamaları değerlendirmeleri ve eğitimde annelerin bireysel ve kültürel özelliklerini dikkate almaları önemli olacaktır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Anne sütü, emzirme, geleneksel uygulamalar SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This research was made in order to determine the traditional practices related to breast milk and breastfeeding of mothers with babies of 6 to 18 months. METHODS: Mothers, who are registered to the Family Health Center in Ezine district in Çanakkale from September 2012 to February 2013 constituted the research's system, those mothers having babies from 6 to 18 months. 212 mothers that accepted to attend to the study were obtained to research's sample. The research's dates were gathered by the researchers with the survey form that was done face to face. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, frequency and average were used in data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of mothers was 28.47±4.71, 82.5% were housewives, 51.4% were literate/primary school graduates, 75.5% had middle income and 53.8% live in town. 85.4% of mothers think breast milk is enough for the first six months. Food which mothers think increases breast milk are 58% milk desserts, 42% onion/garlic, 16.6% wheat, 16.5% dried grape, 11.3% cowpea. Drinks that are thought to increase breast milk are %57.5...

Background: This study investigates the effects of cryopreservation and supplementation of Azeri water buffalo's semen with proline (Lp) and fulvic acid (FA).Objectives: Therefore, this study aimed to assess motility parameters, sperm viability, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage to detect the optimum concentrations of Lp and FA for buffalo semen cryopreservation.Methods: Thirty semen samples of three buffalo bulls were diluted in Tris-egg yolk extender and divided into 12 equal groups including control (

Establishment of pregnancy in pigs. II Cellular remodelling of the porcine blastocyst during elongation on day 12 of pregnancy. Biology ofReproduction 27,941-955 GOLDSTEIN, M. H., BAZER, F. W. & BARRON, D. H. (1980) Characterization of changes in volume, osmolarity and electrolyte composition ofporcine fetal fluids during gestation. Biology ofReproduction 22, 1168-1180 GRIFFIN, P. G. & GINTHER, 0. J. (1991) Dynamics of uterine diameter and endometrial morphology during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 25, 133-142 IRIE, M. & NISHIMURA, K. (1986) Observation of sows with reproductive defects by real time ultrasonic B-mode scan.

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