Consistent with previous models of SSc pathogenesis these data are showing increased contractility, increased extracellular matrix and response to oxidative stress in the involved skin of recent onset SSc patients. In addition, we show that SSc epidermis has an activated, wound healing phenotype. These findings are important because epidermal cells activated by injury induce and regulate local fibroblasts during wound repair.

Introduction: Curvularia is an emerging dematiaceous/melanized/phaeoid hyphomycete causing ocular curvulariosis including keratomycosis, conjunctivitis, dacryocystitis, sino-orbital cellulitis, and endophthalmitis. Curvularia ketatomycosis may be associated with satellite stromal infiltrates, immune rings, Descement's folds, iriditis, and endothelial plaque. Surgical trauma followed by delayed tissue healing may render cornea susceptible to invasion by exogenous air-dispersed conidia from environment. Cases Presentation: Curvularia lunata keratomycosis occurred in 2 military veterans after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation without any history of trauma. Topical 5% natamycin was effective for treatment resulting in minimal residual scar. Complete recovery and uneventful 1-year follow-up period was observed. Conclusions: Seven out of 30 Curvularia species are emerging as opportunistic human pathogens from being primary phytopathogens. With increasing ocular surgeries in the diabetic populace amongst general population including military veterans, a high index of clinical and microbiological suspicion is required for optimal diagnosis of emerging pathogens in post-operative keratomycosis.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) where it is permissible to download, share, remix, transform, and buildup the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be used commercially without permission from the journal. AbstractGonadoblastoma is a rare benign tumor that has the potential for malignant transformation and affects patients with disorders of sexual development. The exact prevalence of gonadoblastoma is not known. The association of gonadoblastomas with dysgerminoma is seen in 50-60% of cases and with other malignant germ cell tumours like yolk sac tumour, embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma in 10% of cases. We herewith report a rare case of recurrent unilateral gonadoblastoma in a 10 year old Indian male who presented with abnormal passage of urine since birth. Physical examination showed a phenotypic male with undescended right testis and ambiguous external genitalia. Computed tomography scan reported mixed density solid cystic mass in pelvis with peripherally enhancing solid component and a few punctuate foci of calcification. Histo-pathological examination showed a heterogeneous tumor comprising of malignant seminomatous, sertoli and leydig cell tumor along with yolk cell tumor component. Serum alpha fetoprotein was raised to 1210 ng/ml. Keywords: Gonadoblastoma, Seminoma, Yolk sac tumor, Ambiguous genitalia Öz Gonadoblastom, malign transformasyon potansiyeli olan ve cinsel gelişim bozukluğu olan hastaları etkileyen nadir bir benign tümördür. Gonadoblastomun kesin prevalansı bilinmemektedir. Gonadoblastomaların dysgerminoma ile ilişkisi olguların %50-60'ında ve vakaların %10'unda yolk kesesi tümörü, embriyonal karsinom ve koriokarsinom gibi diğer malign germ hücreli tümörlerde görülür. Bu yazıda, doğumdan beri idrarın anormal geçişi ile başvuran 10 yaşındaki bir Hintli erkeğin nadir bir tekrarlayan tek taraflı gonadoblastoma vakasını sunduk. Fizik muayenede inmemiş sağ testis ve belirsiz dış genital bölgede fenotipik bir erkek vardı. Bilgisayarlı tomografi taraması, pelviste periferik olarak gelişen katı bileşen ve birkaç noktalama kalsifikasyon odakları ile karışık yoğunluktaki katı kistik kitleyi bildirdi. Histo-patolojik inceleme, yumurta hücresi tümör bileşeniyle birlikte malign seminomatöz, sertoli ve leydig hücresi tümörünü içeren heterojen bir tümör gösterdi. Serum alfa fetoprotein 1210 ng/ml düzeyine çıktı.

Background. Testicular tumours account for approximately 1-2 % of the total cancer cases in the male population globally and show higher incidence in the younger male age group of up to 15 years. The majority (~98 %) of testicular tumours are observed to be of the germ-cell origin which can either be of seminomatous type or non-seminomatous type. The non-seminomatous germ cell neoplasm may be pure or of mixed subtype. Objective was to emphasize the rare case of mixed germ cell teratomatous tumour of testis in adult man.Methods.  A mixed germ cell teratomatous tumour of testis comprising of yolk sac tumour and embryonal carcinoma in an adult Indian male is reported in the research.Results. A 45 year-old Indian male presented with enlargement of right testis which was found to be an encapsulated right testicular tumour on exploratory surgery which was followed by radical orchiectomy. Serum AFP and β-hCG levels were elevated to 380 ng/ml and 590 mg/ml respectively. Histopathology revealed a mixed germ cell teratomatous tumour of testis comprising of yolk sac tumour and embryonal carcinoma.Conclusions. In adults teratomas occur usually as a component of mixed germ cell tumours. However in the present case teratomatous embryoid yolk sac germ cell tumour of testis was observed in an Indian adult male. The prognosis of embryoid germ cell tumours of testis is generally poor. The possibility of this condition should always be considered in all cases that present with a testicular lump.