Background:When a child is diagnosed with cancer the parents as caregivers experience severe anxiety, trauma, ambiguity, and grief. Caregivers of cancer patients thus deal with the management of their own psychological distress along with the child's illness.Aim:Coping plays a crucial role in improving the caregivers' physical and emotional well-being. Spirituality is an important means of consolation, strength, and emotional support during this phase. The present study aims to investigate the impact of coping and spirituality on caregiver burden.Methods:A total of 100 caregivers of children between the age group of 3–11 years, diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were the participants of the study. The participants were recruited from cancer hospitals in Hyderabad. The study adopted a between-group design to find out if mothers and fathers differed in their coping strategies, spirituality, and caregiver burden. The study also adopted a correlation design to find the relationship between coping, spirituality, and caregiver burden. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to identify if coping and spirituality predict caregiver burden.Results:The results showed no significant difference in the burden experienced by both mothers and fathers; however, mothers and fathers used different coping strategies and differed on the dimensions of spirituality. The results of multiple linear regression indicated that dimensions of coping and spirituality were significant predictors of caregiver burden.Conclusion:Cancer in the child impacts the parent's burden but providing sufficient support and implementing effective coping strategies, will help in mitigating the intensity of caregiver burden. It is essential that the hospital authorities and policymakers understand that a professional health psychologist could be a liaison between the doctor, patient, and the caregiver in bringing down the levels of burden and psychological distress in caregivers as well as patients.
The association between depression, anxiety, distress, and somatization of caregivers and patients indicates the need for psychological interventions to manage these problems of caregivers, which would in turn help managing the identical symptoms in patients.
From retrospective studies, we have observed that from past few decades the industrialization growing very fast in developed as well as developing countries. This introduced many kinds of products which stamped their deleterious effect on environment, flora and fauna much more efficiently than their useful one. One of them which are recently hot topic for researchers is plastic. Plastic pollution is the major headache and concerning topic for researchers in various aspects like its production and commercial use. The major concern is its efficient as well as harmless disposal because of its harmful chemical composition, which are released during recycling and disposal and are deleterious for environment and living creatures, both. One of such chemicals is bisphenol A (BPA), a phenol group containing organic compound most widely used in industries like polycarbonate plastic, plastic canned food and epoxy resins. It is responsible for many kinds of physiological acute as well as chronic disorders in humans and animals but have the major effect on reproductive system and endocrine disrupter. Effect on bovine reproduction and fertility is of major concern because India became highest milk producer in the world with 198.4 million tones, which is increased by 35.61% from last 6 years. It affects the bovine reproductive system in many ways like affecting the cellular functions and morphology (granulose, theca, cumulus complex etc.) as well as embryonic level too. To maintain such type of high production level it is necessary to properly manage the reproductive performance of bovines. Reproduction is composed of different interconnected cellular and molecular events; such processis badly affected at different levels by bisphenol A because of its deleterious effect some country restricted its use and industries become shifted to use bisphenol S (bisphenol A substitute) but after various studies it is proven that it is a "regrettable substitute" rather than substitute. There are many few researches on that field, so there is a urge of more and more studies regarding their effect on bovine fertility. By this review we want to make awareness among the people about the dangerous and unwanted effects of such elements on cattle as well as other living organisms also and request researchers to go for future studies and experiments on its other type of unwanted effects not only on the cattle but other living creatures also to prevent further harm to our ecosystem by spreading knowledge and minimizing the use of plastic based products.
PurposeThe objectives of the study were to explore the lived experiences of adolescents for understanding the process of their flourishing and develop a functional model to explain the dynamics of flourishing during adolescence.Design/methodology/approachGuided by the qualitative approach, the authors used interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to explore how various factors affect the process of flourishing during adolescence. The authors conducted in-depth interviews with 10 adolescents to collect qualitative data.FindingsA total of eight boosters (four internal and four external) and seven barriers (five internal and two external) emerged. The results highlighted the importance of a functional model that explained the dynamics of adolescents' flourishing. Though the authors conceded that the presence of boosters and absence of barriers were instrumental in enhancing flourishing during adolescence, based on the extant literature, the authors assumed the existence and operation of other intra-individual and inter-individual factors or correlates.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the study participants are school-going adolescents living in a supported urban family environment where expectations to study and achieve are an important cultural component. Second, the study has focussed on the participants belonging to late adolescence—a transitional phase to emerging adulthood.Practical implicationsThere are three implications of the study—theoretical (conceptualisation of a functional model), practical (construction of a new measure of flourishing) and clinical (designing intervention programmes to enhance positive living in adolescents).Originality/valueThe study has provided a deeper insight into adolescents' flourishing from insiders' perspectives using the framework of IPA and discovered and elaborated a functional model of adolescents' flourishing.
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