Plant communities which form orchard edges are a vital element of ecological infrastructure enriching these agrocenoses. The research was conducted in an orchard environment made up of apple orchards and their edges in the form of agricultural cultivations, tree clumps and a road lined with trees and shrubberies. The study aim was to determine the impact of the orchard edge plant diversity onto the number and abundance of Ichneumonidae subfamilies in the orchards. The study showed that orchard environments made up of an apple orchard and edge plants of various species create better living conditions for Ichneumonidae parasitoids than the environment of an orchard and neighbouring agricultural cultivations. The diversity of orchard edge plants positively influences the abundance of the Ichneumonidae subfamilies rather than the number of subfamilies in the orchard. In the orchard habitat the following dominant subfamilies were found: Campopleginae, Cryptinae, Orthocentrinae and Pimplinae. These entomophages may control the abundance of pests infesting orchards.
The authors of the article used literature data to present the species diversity of the Aphidiinae (Braconidae) subfamily in agricultural crops, forests and urban green space in Poland. In total, 83 species of parasitoids were found in all the environments. Aphidiinae preferred forests most: 61 species of the parasitoids were found there. The agricultural and urban environments did not attract so many Aphidiinae parasitoid species as forests. There were 41 species found in the agricultural environment and 38 species in the urban green space. All the environments were infested by the following 15 species: Aphidius ervi, A. matricariae, A. picipes, A. salicis, A. setiger, A. sonchi, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, E. plagiator, Lysiphlebus ambiguous, L. fabarum, Praon abjectum, P. volucre, Trioxys acalephae and T. angelicae.
Arsenic is a poisoning metallic element, in which trivalent inorganic arsenic compounds are considered unique. Children can be exposed from arsenic containing water, food and folk remedies with unclear ingredients [1]. The main toxic mechanism of As3+ is inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, which leads to decrease in acetyl-CoA production, decrease in cellular respiration and free oxygen radical (0-) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) are born, which make cytotoxic. Arsenic poisoning causes damage to multiple organs: keratosis of the skin, nail and squamous cell cancer, neuropathy, repolarization of the myocardium, liver damage and subsequent sequelaes [1], [2]. Arsenic poisoning has no specific symptoms, so it is easy to overlook, especially in children [2]. The epidemiological exploitation and history of poisoning drugs are very important to avoid missing arsenic poisoning. We report a case of successfully treated arsenic poisoning at the Vietnam National Children’s Hospital.
Background. The diamondback moth [Plutella xylostella (L.)] is a major insect pest of cruciferous vegetables due to its infestation and resistance to pesticides. Pheromones have highly specialised advantages for each species and they leave no chemical residues. This study was an attempt to improve the understanding of the pheromone trap technique, a necessary step to produce safe vegetables in Vietnam. Material and methods. The investigations were conducted on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) in Hanoi. Pheromone traps were used to catch adult diamondback moths every day and to count larvae on cabbage every 7 days. The data were analysed with Microsoft Excel 2007 and
146Conclusions. The larval density in the formula with pheromone traps was always lower than in the one without traps. Pheromone traps affected the density of larvae in the field. Not only do they bring more economic benefits than the use of pesticides only, but they also protect the environment and ensure the sustainability of ecosystems.
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