We aimed to review occupational burnout predictors, considering their type, effect size and role (protective versus harmful), and the overall evidence of their importance. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase were searched from January 1990 to August 2018 for longitudinal studies examining any predictor of occupational burnout among workers. We arranged predictors in four families and 13 subfamilies of homogenous constructs. The plots of z-scores per predictor type enabled graphical discrimination of the effects. The vote-counting and binomial test enabled discrimination of the effect direction. The size of the effect was estimated using Cohen’s formula. The risk of bias and the overall evidence were assessed using the MEVORECH and GRADE methods, respectively. Eighty-five studies examining 261 predictors were included. We found a moderate quality of evidence for the harmful effects of the job demands subfamily (six predictors), and negative job attitudes, with effect sizes from small to medium. We also found a moderate quality of evidence for the protective effect of adaptive coping (small effect sizes) and leisure (small to medium effect sizes). Preventive interventions for occupational burnout might benefit from intervening on the established predictors regarding reducing job demands and negative job attitudes and promoting adaptive coping and leisure.
Évaluation du surmenage professionnel chez les enseignants pendant la pandémie du COVID-19Introduction. La fermeture des écoles et la transition vers l'enseignement en ligne, en raison des restrictions imposées par la pandémie du COVID-19, ont conduit à des changements majeurs dans le milieu de travail, ainsi qu'à l'émergence de diverses manifestations négatives sur la santé des enseignants, comme l'épuisement professionnel. L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaluer l'épuisement professionnel des enseignants pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 en République de Moldova. Matériel et méthodes. Un questionnaire de recherche en deux étapes a été appliqué à un échantillon de 375 enseignants. En raison de l'influence des restrictions pandémiques, la survenue de l'épuisement professionnel a été étudiée à l'aide de Maslach Burnout Inventory. Résultats. Nous avons trouvé des relations significatives entre certaines variables démographiques et l'épuisement professionnel. Il a également été démontré que les femmes sont plus sujettes à l'épuisement professionnel que les hommes. Le stress au travail et les
We aimed to review the determinants of burnout onset in teachers. The study was conducted according to the PROSPERO protocol CRD42018105901, with a focus on teachers. We performed a literature search from 1990 to 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase. We included longitudinal studies assessing burnout as a dependent variable, with a sample of at least 50 teachers. We summarized studies by the types of determinant and used the MEVORECH tool for a risk of bias assessment (RBA). The quantitative synthesis focused on emotional exhaustion. We standardized the reported regression coefficients and their standard errors and plotted them using R software to distinguish between detrimental and protective determinants. A qualitative analysis of the included studies (n = 33) identified 61 burnout determinants. The RBA showed that most studies had external and internal validity issues. Most studies implemented two waves (W) of data collection with 6–12 months between W1 and W2. Four types of determinants were summarized quantitatively, namely support, conflict, organizational context, and individual characteristics, based on six studies. This systematic review identified detrimental determinants of teacher exhaustion, including job satisfaction, work climate or pressure, teacher self-efficacy, neuroticism, perceived collective exhaustion, and classroom disruption. We recommend that authors consider using harmonized methods and protocols such as those developed in OMEGA-NET and other research consortia
Background: Teaching in schools has been defined as the profession with the most diverse risk factors that affect health. With almost 48000 people currently working in educational institutions, teachers make up the largest occupational group in the Republic of Moldova. Material and methods: The study involved 519 teachers from pre-university educational institutions. For the self-assessment of the health status, a questionnaire was created which was applied online. The subjective assessment was performed by researching the entries in the medical cards. Results: The majority of respondents were women (91.4%), with a mean age of 45.6±7.5 years and a working experience of 22.9±3.2 years. In 75.7% of them health is satisfactory, only 3% have serious health problems and would require hospitalization. In 35.8% of cases, the presence of chronic diseases is registered, their top being led by diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (33.8%), the cardiovascular system (29.2%) and endocrine (27.2%). The most common risk factors mentioned were: high levels of stress (53.5%); increased number of tasks (23.4%); lack of support from family and colleagues (22.9%). Conclusions: The health of teachers is influenced by a variety of risk factors. There were no correlations between the type of institution and the subject taught, which highlights the importance of studying the influence of factors in the occupational environment and the development of prevention measures.
Over time, the Republic of Moldova has gone through several stages of development and reform of the Occupational Health and Safety System. This article aimed to assess the complex legal and regulatory framework in the field of occupational health and safety in the Republic of Moldova. Currently, the Republic of Moldova has ratified 43 conventions and 1 protocol, namely - 8 out of 8 fundamental conventions, 4 out of 4 governing conventions (priority) and 31 technical conventions. Over the years, 2 conventions have been denounced. At the beginning of 2021, the Moldavian parliament adopted the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No.161 (1985) on occupational health services. The legal and regulatory framework in occupational safety and health is good enough, but major problems are identified in their implementation.
The generation and disposal of medical waste is an ongoing issue for medical facilities. Medical institutions, including hospitals, clinics, and facilities for patient diagnosis and treatment, produce highly hazardous waste for human. The actual pilot study used the questionnaire, based on the World Health Organization form, translated into Romanian where a number of pertinent questions were chosen. The form has been tested in 21 health facilities at the Republican and municipal levels. Tests were conducted online, the average number of beds in medical institutions being – 142.1±127.3 [M±SD]. The average number of employers in medical facilities was 268±173.9 [M±SD]. Following questionnaire testing and analysis of responses, three questions and 15 response options were excluded, 31 questions were amended or adjusted, and three new questions were added. Following the pilot study, it was noted that most of the questions met the criteria submitted for the form: specificity, clarity, simplicity of wording, veracity and reasoning. Additionally, a number of issues have been identified that require a complex and immediate approach.
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