Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been considered a promising strategy for controlling the global HIV epidemic. However, it is necessary to translate the knowledge accumulated from clinical trials and demosntration studies to the reality of health services and the groups most vulnerable to infection in order to achieve broad coverage with PrEP. The article proposes a reflection on this challenge, focusing on three dimensions: users of prophylaxis, with an emphasis on the contexts of sexual practices and the potential exposures to HIV; the advantages of prophylaxis as compared to other methods and the challenges for protective and safe use; and health services, considering the organizational principles to ensure greater success in the supply and incorporation of PrEP as part of combination prevention strategies. The following principles were analyzed: uniqueness of care, freedom of choice and non-hierarchization of prevention methods, sexual risk management, scheduling flexibility, and complementary and multidisciplinary care. These principles can foster organization of the health service and care, facilitating linkage and retention in care. Some comments were offered on the relative incompatibility between the existing structure of services and the Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines for offering PrEP. The conclusion was that the success of PrEP as a public health policy depends on two essential factors: ensuring that health services are culturally diverse settings, free of discrimination, and the intensification of community-based interventions, including social networks, in order to reduce inequalities in access to PrEP and health services as a whole.
RESUMOA adesão à terapia antirretroviral (TARV) é crucial para a efetividade e o impacto do tratamento da Aids. Este artigo discute as relações entre adesão e qualidade dos serviços de assistência a pessoas vivendo com Aids (PVA), evidenciando a qualidade como elo central entre adesão e acesso. Está baseado nos resultados de pesquisas que conduzimos sobre a atenção a PVA no Brasil. Nossos estudos apontam que os grupos de pacientes acompanhados em serviços com número inferior a 100 pacientes apresentam risco estimado de não adesão maior do que os grupos acompanhados em serviços com mais de 500 pacientes. Apontam também que serviços com menos de 100 pacientes têm risco estimado maior de pertencer a grupos de má qualidade. Isto está relacionado à baixa complexidade observada nos serviços de menor porte caracterizada por: dificuldades em manter uma estrutura mínima de recursos humanos e materiais, simplificação da organização dos processos de trabalho, centramento no trabalho autônomo do profissional médico e gerenciamento sem projeto técnico. Há necessidade de pautar novos estudos sobre adesão e qualidade. As evidências existentes já apontam, porém, a necessidade de revisão na alocação dos serviços de assistência a PVA, bem como a de homogeneizar a qualificação destes serviços, condições necessárias para a manutenção de taxas aceitáveis de adesão à TARV no país. INTRODUÇÃOO sucesso da terapia antirretroviral de alta potência para a Aids (TARV) depende da manutenção de altas taxas de adesão do paciente ao tratamento medicamentoso 1,2.Analisar os fatores associados à adesão é fundamental para a melhoria das políti-cas e práticas de saúde voltadas ao aprimoramento da efetividade do tratamento. Com o objetivo de contribuir neste sentido, procuramos neste artigo discutir relações entre adesão, qualidade e acesso aos serviços de saúde tendo por base os resultados de pesquisas avaliativas que nosso grupo de pesquisa, a Equipe QualiAids, desenvolveu nos últimos anos sobre adesão à TARV e qualidade dos serviços ambulatoriais para PVA no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (SUS). A Equipe QualiAids é formada por docentes e pesquisadores de várias universidades brasileiras. Dedica-se a estudos avaliativos sobre qualidade e adesão ao tratamento da Aids e de outras doenças crônicas no SUS.O artigo discute implicações dos resultados de duas pesquisas. A primeira foi conduzida entre 1998/99 em 27 serviços do Estado de São Paulo que assistiam, em nível ambulatorial, 8.550 pessoas vivendo com Aids (PVA) sob tratamento 1. Professor do
A spectrum of diverse prevention methods that offer high protection against HIV has posed the following challenge: how can national AIDS policies with high coverage for prevention and treatment make the best use of new methods so as to reverse the current high, and even rising, incidence rates among specific social groups? We conducted a narrative review of the literature to examine the prevention methods and the structural interventions that can have a higher impact on incidence rates in the context of socially and geographically concentrated epidemics. Evidence on the protective effect of the methods against sexual exposure to HIV, as well as their limits and potential, is discussed. The availability and effectiveness of prevention methods have been hindered by structural and psychosocial barriers such as obstacles to adherence, inconsistent use over time, or only when individuals perceive themselves at higher risk. The most affected individuals and social groups have presented limited or absence of use of methods as this is moderated by values, prevention needs, and life circumstances. As a result, a substantial impact on the epidemic cannot be achieved by one method alone. Programs based on the complementarity of methods, the psychosocial aspects affecting their use and the mitigation of structural barriers may have the highest impact on incidence rates, especially if participation and community mobilization are part of their planning and implementation.
Since the 1990 s, international guidelines have recommended the incorporation of STD/AIDS prevention in primary care. In Brazil, the Ministry of Health has made investments to include such preventive activities. This in-depth case study is an evaluation of the implementation of these activities in a family health unit in Greater Metropolitan São Paulo. The study analyzed the unit's activities as a whole and the specific STD/ AIDS prevention activities by means of direct observations and semi-structured interviews with the unit's professional health staff. The unit's technological characteristics were similar to those of traditional Brazilian primary care services, with limited potential for achieving the principle of comprehensive care. STD/AIDS prevention activities had been incorporated, but were devoid of important technological meanings like dialogue and specific attention to users' uniqueness. This characteristic and others reveal a tension between the program's technological proposals and the current technological profile of primary care. However, the identification of this tension could favor reflection on new values in routine primary care, thereby favoring the achievement of more comprehensive technological arrangements.
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