Background: Vorinostat (VRS), a histone deacetylases inhibitor, has significant cytotoxic potential in a large number of human cancer cell lines. Objective: To clarify its promising anticancer potential and to improve its drawback related to physical properties and in vivo performance of VRS. Methods: VRS was successfully incorporated into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) by the hot microemulsion method using sonication following a homogenization technique. Results: After the optimization process, VRS-loaded NLCs (VRS-NLCs) were obtained as ideal quality nanoparticles with a spherical shape, small size ($150 nm), negative charge ($À22 mV), and narrow size distribution. In addition, the high entrapment efficiency ($99%) and sustained drug release profile were recorded. Cytotoxicity study in three different cell lines (A549, MCF-7, and SCC-7) demonstrated higher cytotoxicity of VRS-NLCs than free drug. Finally, the AUC of VRS (118.16 ± 17.35 mgh/mL) was enhanced $4.4 times compared with that of free drug (27.03 ± 3.25 mgh/mL). Conclusion: These results suggest the potential of NLCs as an oral delivery system for enhancement of cellular uptake, in vitro cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines and the oral bioavailability of VRS.
Gallium (Ga)-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (GZO-NPs) have been synthesized using a heating-up method. The Ga doping concentration strongly affected the particle size, distribution, and bandgap energy of the GZO-NPs. When the Ga concentration was increased from 0% to 5%, the average size of the GZO-NPs decreased from 57 nm to 16 nm while the bandgap increased from 3.14 eV to 3.26 eV. On further increase of the Ga content to 7% and 9%, the particle size increased while the bandgap narrowed. The GZO-NPs synthesized with 5% Ga showed the best uniformity and smallest average diameter of approximately 16 nm. The GZO-NPs with 5% Ga were applied to reduce the mechanical contact between the AgNWs in GZO/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite for application as a transparent conductive electrode, yielding R SH = 18.1 X/h, T = 77.8% at 550 nm, and r DC /r Op = 77.53. These results indicate that such GZO-NPs are a very promising nanocrystalline ink precursor for printing thin films for application in nanocomposite transparent conductive electrodes.
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