“…However, its ceramic nature leads to brittle characteristics that cause irreversible loss of electrical conductivity at strains above 1%. 1–4 Representative substitutes for the ITO are carbon-based materials containing carbon nanotubes or graphene, conductive polymers such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and metal nanowires. Carbon nanotubes have relatively low transmittance, conductivity, and difficulties in separation, purification, and dispersion from the raw material.…”