DHEA-S, GH and prolactin remained significant even after adjustment for BMI. GH and IGF-I were associated with BMI and LDL cholesterol, but the association diminished after adjustment for serum prolactin.Conclusions: Prevalence of obesity is four times higher in patients with prolactinomas than in patients with nonfunctional adenomas. Higher DHEA-S and lower GH levels in patients with prolactinomas may have an important role in prolactin-induced metabolic effects. Further studies are needed.3

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IntroductionPostmenopausal women have higher risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the contributing factors could be reduced activity of anti-atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). The aim of this study was to examine differences in the lipid status, paraoxonase and arylesterase PON1 activities and PON1 phenotype in women with regular menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women.Materials and methods:The study included 51 women in reproductive age (25 in follicular and 26 in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle) and 23 women in postmenopause. Lipid parameters in sera were determined using original reagents and according to manufacturer protocol. PON1 activity in serum was assessed by spectrophotometric method with substrates: paraoxon and phenylacetate. PON1 phenotype was determined by double substrate method.Results:Compared to the women in follicular and luteal phase, postmenopausal women have significantly higher concentration of triglyceride [0.9 (0.7–1.3), 0.7 (0.6–1.0) vs. 1.5 (0.9–1.7) mmol/L; P = 0.002], cholesterol [5.10 (4.78–6.10), 5.05 (4.70–5.40) vs. 6.30 (5.73–7.23) mmol/L; P < 0.001], LDL [3.00 (2.56–3.63), 3.00 (2.70–3.70) vs. 3.90 (3.23–4.50) mmol/L; P < 0.001], and apolipoprotein B [0.88 (0.75–1.00), 0.79 (0.68–1.00) vs. 1.07 (0.90–1.24) mmol/L; P = 0.002]. PON1 basal [104 (66–260), 106 (63–250) vs. 93 (71–165) U/L; P = 0.847] and salt-stimulated paraoxonase activity [210 (131–462), 211 (120–442) vs. 180 (139–296) U/L; P = 0.857] as well as arylesterase activity [74 (63–82), 70 (54–91) vs. 70 (60–81) kU/L; P = 0.906] and PON1 phenotype (P = 0.810) were not different in the study groups.Conclusion:There are no differences in PON1 activity and PON1 phenotype between women with regular menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women.

Background and purpose: Prunus spinose L. is a traditionally consumed, recently scientifically reexamined plant. Brain bioavailability and functionality of polyphenols (PPH) of blackthorn flower extract (PSE) was investigated.Materials and methods: C57BL/6 mice received oral daily repeated doses of 25 mg/kg body weight of total PSE polyphenols for 28 days. Brain concentrations of individual polyphenols from PSE were determined by UPLC/MS on 1st,7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Brain antioxidative defense markers were examined as indicators of functionality after bioaccumulation.Results: A total of 68.7% PPH present in PSE were detected in the brain. Higher (p≤0.05) Cmax/AUClast in the PSE treatment vs. control group was recorded for 59.1% of brain detected compounds, indicating relatively good bioaccumulation in the brain. The highest present compounds in PSE were not necessarily the ones mostly bioapsorbed in the brain. Kaempherols were not significantly distributed, opposite to phenolic acids, quercetins or epicgaloatechin-3-gallate. The compounds with the highest concentrations on 28th day were 4-p-coumaroylquinonic acid, (-)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin–rhamnoside, kaempherol-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3-gucoside. Brain lipid peroxidation (MDA) decreased (p<0.05) on the 21st and 28th day in the PSE group. Increase (p<0.05) in GSH concentration was observed on the 21st and 28th and SOD activity on the 28th day. Catalase activity was unchanged. It could be hypothesized that highest PPH concentration-ratios, caused reduction of lipid peroxidation by radical scavenging and simultaneous induction of glutathione and SOD pathways.Conclusions: Screened compounds could be candidates for examining or creation of brain targeted “neuro-nutriceuticals” polyphenol mixtures.