Findings in this sample suggest that changes in salivary composition may, together with estimated glucose levels, play a helpful diagnostic role in the early stages of IDDM in some children.
Although there is much literature on the detection of pemphigus and pemphigoid autoantibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum, nothing is known about their presence in saliva. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary levels of these autoantibodies in pemphigus and pemphigoid patients. Autoantibodies against desmoglein3, desmoglein1, and BP180 were assayed, by ELISA, in serum and saliva samples of patients and healthy controls. The titres of autoantibodies against Dsg1/3 found in both serum and saliva of pemphigus patients showed a statistically significant correlation, suggesting that saliva may be a useful biological material for diagnostic purposes, in monitoring disease activity, as well as for the early detection of relapses. By contrast, the titres of autoantibodies against BP180 in the serum and saliva of bullous pemphigoid patients were not statistically related, and further study of the usefulness of the BP180 ELISA for saliva in this disease is needed. In addition, based on our results, the BP180 ELISA with a recombinant NC16a epitope failed to detect the autoantibodies against BP180 in the serum and saliva of mucous membrane pemphigoid patients.
This study sought to determine IgA, IgG antibodies to Candida albicans in whole saliva and serum from HIV-infected patients and to compare them to a group of healthy controls. The study population consisted of 34 HIV-infected individuals free of any other systemic diseases and thirty healthy controls. IgA concentrations in saliva and IgA and IgG concentrations in serum were measured by a micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No significant differences were observed in salivary and serum IgA antibodies to C. albicans between the two study groups. Serum IgG antibodies were found to be significantly lower in the HIV-infected (P < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the specific activity of anti-Candida IgA and IgG antibodies in saliva and serum, in both the study groups. The undifferentiated levels of secretory-IgA antibodies to C. albicans in the patients' and the controls' saliva could be an indicator of the high immune response to opportunistic infections of the HIV-infected subjects, a fact that is verified by the lack of oral candidiasis in the patients' group. The low levels of IgG antibodies in the serum of the HIV-infected patients confirm the high immune response of them.
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