The green synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is an efficient, simple, and chemical-free method of producing nanoparticles. The present work reports the synthesis of Murraya koenigii-mediated ZrO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) and their applications as a photocatalyst and antibacterial agent. Capping and stabilization of metal oxide nanoparticles were achieved by using Murraya koenigii leaf extract. The optical, structural, and morphological valance of the ZrO2 NPs were characterized using UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, and FESEM with EDX, TEM, and XPS. An XRD analysis determined that ZrO2 NPs have a monoclinic structure and a crystallite size of 24 nm. TEM and FESEM morphological images confirm the spherical nature of ZrO2 NPs, and their distributions on surfaces show lower agglomerations. ZrO2 NPs showed high optical absorbance in the UV region and a wide bandgap indicating surface oxygen vacancies and charge carriers. The presence of Zr and O elements and their O=Zr=O bonds was categorized using EDX and FTIR spectroscopy. The plant molecules’ interface, bonding, binding energy, and their existence on the surface of ZrO2 NPs were established from XPS analysis. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using ZrO2 NPs was examined under visible light irradiation. The 94% degradation of toxic MB dye was achieved within 20 min. The antibacterial inhibition of ZrO2 NPs was tested against S. aureus and E. coli pathogens. Applications of bio-synthesized ZrO2 NPs including organic substance removal, pathogenic inhibitor development, catalysis, optical, and biomedical development were explored.
This study investigates the performance of flexible, wideband antennas with high gain properties. The high gain feature can often be obtained by positioning a reflector in the same planes as the adjacent radiator. For flexibility, this survey discusses the antennas that were printed on the flexible substrate materials. Based on these properties, the antenna can be recognized in a variety of wireless applications, including wireless local-area-network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for microwave access (WI-Max), wireless body area network (WBAN), and radio frequency identification (RFID), as well as wearable applications. The high-gain antennas are compact radio wave-based antennas that provide precise radio transmission management. Such antennas deliver more energy to the receiver, increasing the frequency of the received signal. By gathering more power, high-gain antennas may emit signals quicker. Furthermore, because directional antennas broadcast fewer signals from the main wave, interference may be greatly minimized. Finally, this article identifies the role of lightweight high gain flexible antennas in terms of their size, substrate materials, design, and feeding mechanisms, all of which can affect bandwidth, gain, radiation efficiency, and other important factors.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.