We set out to identify the origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on genome sequencing of DNA derived from the skeletal remains of Hungarian King Béla III (1172–1196) and eight additional individuals (six males, two females) originally interred at the Royal Basilica of Székesfehérvár. Y-chromosome analysis established that two individuals, Béla III and HU52 assign to haplogroups R-Z2125 whose distribution centres near South Central Asia with subsidiary expansions in the regions of modern Iran, the Volga Ural region and the Caucasus. Out of a cohort of 4340 individuals from these geographic areas, we acquired whole-genome data from 208 individuals derived for the R-Z2123 haplogroup. From these data we have established that the closest living kin of the Árpád Dynasty are R-SUR51 derived modern day Bashkirs predominantly from the Burzyansky and Abzelilovsky districts of Bashkortostan in the Russian Federation. Our analysis also reveals the existence of SNPs defining a novel Árpád Dynasty specific haplogroup R-ARP. Framed within the context of a high resolution R-Z2123 phylogeny, the ancestry of the first Hungarian royal dynasty traces to the region centering near Northern Afghanistan about 4500 years ago and identifies the Bashkirs as their closest kin, with a separation date between the two populations at the beginning of the first millennium CE.
Surprisingly, this study showed no ethanol production in improperly processed antemortem blood samples in healthy and sober individuals who were subjected to overnight fasting.
For identification of skeletal remains and solving missing persons cases, the forensic application of the latest DNA technology is of utmost importance. In our casework, most extraction attempts of skeletal remains from cases of criminal burning, with intention to destroy the body, were successful. This paper represents our approach and the results obtained during identification of burned skeletal remains. The body of the missing fifty-two-year-old taxi driver was found burned in the trunk of a car. The DNA was extracted from the powder bone using organic protocol and amplified by AmpF'STR 1 Identifiler 1 Plus (Applied Biosystems), AmpF'STR 1 NGM TM (Applied Biosystems) and AmpF'STR 1 Yfiler 1 (Applied Biosystems). Complete DNA profiles obtained using all three applied kits, were a match with the reference sample victim's son. In addition, we analyzed 5 DNA extracts, corresponding to 5 different burned body identification cases from 2009 using AmpF'STR 1 NGM TM kit. Concordant results were obtained for the STR loci between AmpF'STR 1 Identifiler 1 kit which was used back then and AmpF'STR 1 NGM TM which is on our disposal today, including 5 additional loci expanded ESS.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.