This paper takes stock at key policy issues underpinning the development of social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Serbia. It consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides the general context of the paper. It sets out the general policy context and discusses the roots of social entrepreneurship in Serbia, as well as the perceived policy factors which have facilitated its development in the last decade. The general findings of the first official survey on social enterprises in Serbia are also discussed in this chapter. Chapter 2 examines the legal framework governing or impacting on social entrepreneurship. It first provides a critical overview of the framework regulation for enterprises for employment and professional rehabilitation of persons with disabilities, civil society organisations (CSOs) and social cooperatives, respectively. Thereafter, it proceeds with the analyses of pertinent tax law and the legal framework for public financing of CSOs, as well as the legal and policy framework for social service provision. An analysis of the legal framework for volunteers concludes this chapter. Chapter 3 presents the results of the first pilot survey on social enterprises in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Vajdaság Autonóm Tartomány), which was conducted in 2016. Conclusions on the state of play of social entrepreneurship in Serbia, including measures which could conceivably facilitate its further development, are presented in Chapter 4.
A method for the direct outdoor localization of multiple impulse acoustic sources by a distributed microphone array is proposed. This localization problem is of great interest for gunshot, firecracker and explosion detection localization in a civil environment, as well as for gun, mortar, small arms, artillery, sniper detection localization in military battlefield monitoring systems. Such a kind of localization is a complicated technical problem in many aspects. In such a scenario, the permutation of impulse arrivals on distributed microphones occurs, so the application of classical two-step localization methods, such as time-of-arrival (TOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA), fingerprint methods, etc., is faced with the so-called association problem, which is difficult to solve. The association problem does not exist in the proposed method for direct (one-step) localization, so the proposed method is more suitable for localization in a given acoustic scenario than the mentioned two-step localization methods. Furthermore, in the proposed method, direct localization is performed impulse by impulse. The observation interval used for the localization could not be arbitrarily chosen; it is limited by the duration of impulses. In the mathematical model formulated in the paper, atmospheric factors in acoustic signal propagation (temperature, pressure, etc.) are included. The results of simulations show that by using the proposed method, centimeter localization accuracy can be achieved.
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