Objectives: To identify sleep patterns of medical students and determinethe relationship between sleep habits and academic performance. Background: Humanbeings adopt three different sleeping patterns; monophasic, biphasic and polyphasic. Sleepallows synaptic molding to return by developing faster memory union. When such memoryprocessing is not present, memory keeping is reduced which can have an adverse effecton the academic performance of students. Professional education in the field of medicinerequires learning a greater amount and variety of syllabi to practice as a satisfactory medicalgraduate. Among medical students, the burden of the extensive curriculum often results inthe development of non-recuperative sleeping patterns, which can, in turn, affect their overallacademic performance. This study strives to deduce the sleeping patterns of students and theconnection between those sleeping patterns and academic performance. Study Design: Across-sectional questionnaire based survey. Setting: Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi.Period: 2013. Methods: Sleep patterns of 347 medical students from year 1 -4. The resultsof the midterm examinations were cross-tabulated with the sleep patterns to determine therelationship between them. Results: Our study showed that out of 347 medical students, 38.9%(n=135) had monophasic, 46.7% (n=162) had biphasic and 14.4% (n=50) had a polyphasicsleep pattern. 67.4% of monophasics, 87.0% of biphasics and 66.0% of polyphasics passedtheir midterm examination. Conclusion: Biphasic students performed the best in their midtermexaminations. This is in agreement with scientific proof that sleeping in two phases matchesthe body’s instinctive circadian rhythm, hormonal regulation and memory creation. These twophases are sleeping once at night and having one shorter period during the day. Professionalcolleges should advise and educate students in order to encourage them to acquire adequatesleep through appropriate sleeping patterns by which they may support their academic learning.
Objectives: To determine the frequency of camel milk users as a dietary adjuncttherapy in Diabetes Type 2. Study Design. A cross sectional questionnaire based survey. Period:May to August 2013. Setting: Liaquat National Hospital & Jinnah Medical College Hospital)and one public sector hospital (Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre) in Karachi. Methods:Minimum sample size using 11.1% prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus, confidence interval of95% and 5% margin of error and finite population correction for large population was calculatedto be 152. Using purposive sampling, type II diabetes patients (taking oral hypoglycemicmedication or insulin to control serum blood glucose) visiting outpatient departments fordiabetes management at two private and one public sector hospital in Karachi, were requestedto participate. After obtaining informed consent, a structured pre-coded questionnaire was filledby trained interviewer. Two laboratory assessed fasting blood (FBG) readings from previousthree months were also recorded from their files. Those who affirmed the use of camel milk wereasked further questions on reasons and consumption pattern. All responses were entered intoSPSS version 17.0 and descriptive frequencies and statistics were obtained for camel milk usersand non-users. Results: 300 patients consented to participate and filled the questionnaire. 36forms did not have two FBG lab reports from previous three months and were excluded. Inthe remaining sample size of n = 264, camel milk use frequency was 35.98% (n=95). In thepreceding three months, the median FBG of users was 121.0 mg/dl as compared to medianFBS of non-users (64.01%;n = 169) of 202.06 mg/dl. 90.5% (n=86) of all users considered oralmedications as main modality for control and only 15.8% of these patients attributed bloodglucose control solely to use of camel milk. Camel milk users were found to use more of homeremedies (13.7%, n = 13), homeopathic medicine (15.8%, n = 15) and exercise (45.3%, n=43)as adjunct modalities to control their blood glucose as compared to 6.5%, 8.9% and 31.4%of non-users. 71.6% (n= 121) of non- users used dietary modification to manage diabetesas compared to 47.4% (n = 45) users. 71% (n = 121) non-users were regularly measuringtheir blood glucose levels as compared to 56.8% (n=54) users of camel milk. Conclusions:Diabetics drinking camel milk showed a marked decrease in mean Fasting Blood Sugar valuesas compared to non-users. More experimental studies should be conducted on a larger scaleand on different regions so as to ascertain the biological plausibility.
Minimum sample size using 11.1% prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus, confidence interval of 95% and 5% margin of error and finite population correction for large population was calculated to be 152. Using purposive sampling, type II diabetes patients (taking oral hypoglycemic medication or insulin to control serum blood glucose) visiting outpatient departments for diabetes management at two private and one public sector hospital in Karachi, were requested to participate. After obtaining informed consent, a structured pre-coded questionnaire was filled by trained interviewer. Two laboratory assessed fasting blood (FBG) readings from previous three months were also recorded from their files. Those who affirmed the use of camel milk were asked further questions on reasons and consumption pattern. All responses were entered into SPSS version 17.0 and descriptive frequencies and statistics were obtained for camel milk users and non-users. Results: 300 patients consented to participate and filled the questionnaire. 36 forms did not have two FBG lab reports from previous three months and were excluded. In the remaining sample size of n = 264, camel milk use frequency was 35.98% (n=95). In the preceding three months, the median FBG of users was 121.0 mg/dl as compared to median FBS of non-users (64.01%;n = 169) of 202.06 mg/dl. 90.5% (n=86) of all users considered oral medications as main modality for control and only 15.8% of these patients attributed blood glucose control solely to use of camel milk. Camel milk users were found to use more of home remedies (13.7%, n = 13), homeopathic medicine (15.8%, n = 15) and exercise (45.3%, n=43) as adjunct modalities to control their blood glucose as compared to 6.5%, 8.9% and 31.4% of non-users. 71.6% (n= 121) of non-users used dietary modification to manage diabetes as compared to 47.4% (n = 45) users. 71% (n = 121) non-users were regularly measuring their blood glucose levels as compared to 56.8% (n=54) users of camel milk. Conclusions: Diabetics drinking camel milk showed a marked decrease in mean Fasting Blood Sugar values as compared to non-users. More experimental studies should be conducted on a larger scale and on different regions so as to ascertain the biological plausibility.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.