Manufacturers face the challenge of deciding when additive manufacturing technology offers a suitable process to produce a given product. Information needed about process capabilities is constantly evolving and usually not organized well enough to support such decisions. This work introduces an ontological framework which identifies and semantically models the most applicable concepts of additive manufacturing relevant to process planning applications. Another salient feature includes the fit of this structural framework with both the new ASTM standard for additive manufacturing vocabulary and existing taxonomies for traditional manufacturing processes. Finally, within this framework we implemented description logic rules to identify the optimal set of processes for a product, the rationale for selecting this set of processes, and a logical link between a product’s features and its process plan. The reliability of the knowledge representation and its process planning capabilities are each tested and demonstrated by a case study example of the selection of the best processes to produce a steel spur gear.
This paper introduces a new normative decision analysis method for the sustainability-based design of products (NASDOP). It is based on the fundamental principles of normative decision-making methods for design optimisation when multiple and often conflicting criteria influence the design of products. A unique feature of NASDOP is that it enables direct consideration of both environmental and economic impacts during a design process. Furthermore, NASDOP takes full advantage of the enhanced life cycle assessment (LCA) capabilities, reflecting the increase in knowledge about the material and energy flows of various processes in recent years, and offers a methodical approach to account for the inherent uncertainty associated with such knowledge. This paper details the development of sustainability models, including the effective integration of LCA mathematical models combined with compatible life cycle costing models from the early stages of conceptual design for use throughout the entire design process. This paper also highlights the design and deployment of hypothetical equivalents and inequivalents method, a proven normative decision method, to consistently model the preferences of a designer during sustainable product design. The implementation and usefulness of NASDOP are demonstrated with the aid of an illustrative case study and the results are discussed.
This paper develops a two-stage grey-box modeling approach that combines manufacturing knowledge-based (white-box) models with statistical (black-box) metamodels to improve model reusability and predictability. A white-box model can use various types of existing knowledge such as physical theory, high fidelity simulation or empirical data to build the foundation of the general model. The residual between a white-box prediction and empirical data can be represented with a black-box model. The combination of the white-box and black-box models provides the parallel hybrid structure of a grey-box. For any new point prediction, the estimated residual from the black-box is combined with white-box knowledge to produce the final grey-box solution. This approach was developed for use with manufacturing processes, and applied to a powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process. It can be applied in other common modeling scenarios. Two illustrative case studies are brought into the work to test this grey-box modeling approach; first for pure mathematical rigor and second for manufacturing specifically. The results of the case studies suggest that the use of grey-box models can lower predictive errors. Moreover, the resulting black-box model that represents any residual is a usable, accurate metamodel.
This paper presents an e-Design framework for knowledge management through its application in an engineering design case study. The e-Design framework enables the implementation of integrated design information throughout the entire design process. It facilitates the ease of sharing real time information across multiple individual designers, departments, or organizations as would be required in large scale design efforts. Similarly, it allows for the ease of use of technical tools integral to the design process that small design departments depend upon. Thus, regardless of the scale, the efficiency of engineering design can be improved with the use of the e-Design framework. The many features of the e-Design framework are exemplified through its application in a practical industry design problem. The case study in this paper addresses the utility and ease of use of this framework and provides one potential implementation method. This study involves a representative application of an innovative new mast design to elevate a surveillance camera on a military vehicle. The design process utilizes the NIST functional basis [3] to improve effectiveness and efficiency during conceptual design. The decision tool module of the e-Design framework is then used to evaluate and select the best conceptual design based on product design criteria. We use this case study to illustrate information quality and the clarity of design intent throughout the entire design process. The results reveal a usable design process method that can improve the transparency of design knowledge from design conception to completion. Additional benefits include storing of the information generated at the early stages for sharing and reuse throughout the entire design process. Most of all, improved transparent communication throughout the design process will reduce duplication of efforts and trial and error occurrences. ABSTRACTThis paper presents an e-Design framework for knowledge management through its application in an engineering design case study. The e-Design framework enables the implementation of integrated design information throughout the entire design process. It facilitates the ease of sharing real time information across multiple individual designers, departments, or organizations as would be required in large scale design efforts. Similarly, it allows for the ease of use of technical tools integral to the design process that small design departments depend upon. Thus, regardless of the scale, the efficiency of engineering design can be improved with the use of the eDesign framework.The many features of the e-Design framework are exemplified through its application in a practical industry design problem. The case study in this paper addresses the utility and ease of use of this framework and provides one potential implementation method. This study involves a representative application of an innovative new mast design to elevate a surveillance camera on a military vehicle. The design process utilizes the NIST functional basis [3...
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