We present an inventory of polypore fungi (Basidiomycota; Hymenochaetales and Polyporales) with the aim of knowing the diversity of an area of 8 km2 of Brazilian Amazon rainforest, in the surroundings of HPP Sílvio Braga, in the west of Pará, where 91 species were collected (545 specimens), with 16 of these new records for the state of Pará, and 1 for America. These numbers tend to increase, given the projected occurrence of 118 species for the area. 87 species were considered occasional or rare, with only four considered frequent and none abundant. The richness observed in the study area was similar to other conservation units in the Amazon, for example, Caxiuanã National Forest (74 species). This observation, added to the potential increase in the number of species, the number of species with low representativeness (relative frequency) and the number of new records for the state, demonstrate the need to expand studies on polypore fungi in the region to learn about their biodiversity and the need for conservation of that area.
Hymenochaetales and Polyporales are important macrofungi for the maintenance of tropical forests, since they act directly in the nutrient cycling of the wood decomposition. In the Amazon, the largest tropical forest in the world, knowledge about Agaricomycetes is still insipient, since many areas have not yet been inventoried and new records appear each new study. To increase ecological knowledge about the Hymenochaetales and Polyporales, in the Brazilian Amazon region, collections were conducted in western Pará, Brazil, relating these fungi to the substrate they colonize and to environmental variables. 91 species were identified, with greater macrofungi richness associated with the rainy season; these fungi showed preferences for dead woods, of small diameter (class 1 = 5,9 ˫ 39 cm) and, in stages of decomposition still rigid or intermediate. The abundance and richness of Hymenochaetales and Polyporales were influenced by air humidity and the assemblage composition was influenced by temperature, air humidity and rainfall. The results indicate a rich diversity for western Pará region, these species are associated with environmental conditions, and may be threatened by the increasing pressure of human activity in the Brazilian Amazon.
Three species of the Ascomycetes genus Camillea were recorded in a fragment of Amazon rainforest in the region of Santarém, Pará state, Brazil. The occurrence of C. leprieurii, C. cyclops and C. bilabiata expand the range of distribution of these species in the state. Camillea leprieurii has previous records in the regions of Marabá, Oriximiná, Itaituba and Novo Progresso, while C. cyclops had been recorded in the west of the state. This is the first record of C. bilabiata for Pará. We provide a morphological description of the specimens and an identification key for Camillea species found in Pará.
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