<span>A microscopia de Micorrizas Arbusculares requer coloração diferencial de estruturas típicas. Alguns corantes empregados, como Trypan Blue, oferecem riscos à saúde e ambiente. Corantes alternativos como tintas de caneta e anilina foram propostos, porém, com eficácia de coloração variável. Neste trabalho o descolorante de raízes KOH foi substituído por Soda Cáustica e foram testados os corantes naturais Açaí, Urucum e Açafrão, comparados a Trypan Blue e tintas de caneta. Houve diferença significativa entre os corantes quanto às estruturas micorrízicas coradas e qualidade de imagens fotografadas. Açaí foi considerado o melhor corante alternativo, com resultados similares ao Trypan Blue.</span>
Climate change causes increasingly longer periods of drought, often causing the death of plants, especially when they are in the early stages of development. Studying the benefits provided by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to plants in different water regimes is an efficient and sustainable strategy to face climate change. Thus, this study investigated the influence of AM fungi on Handroanthus serratifolius seedlings under different water regimes, based on biochemical, and nutritional growth parameters. The experiment was carried out in H. serratifolius seedlings cultivated with mycorrhizas (+AMF) and without mycorrhizas (-AMF) in three water regimes; a severe water deficit (SD), a moderate water deficit (MD), and a well-watered (WW) condition. AM fungi provided greater osmoregulation under water deficit conditions through the accumulation of soluble sugars, total free amino acids, and proline, as well as by reducing sugar. The increase in the absorption of phosphorus and nitrate was observed only in the presence of fungi in the well-watered regimen. A higher percentage of colonization was found in plants submitted to the well-watered regimen. Ultimately, AM fungi promoted biochemical, nutritional, and growth benefits for H. serratifolius seedlings under the water deficit and well-hydrated conditions, proving that AMF can be used to increase the tolerance of H. serratifolius plants, and help them to survive climate change.
Aumentar a produtividade do milho de uma forma sustentável é o desafio de todos os agricultores, objetivou-se isolar e selecionar fungos micorrizicos arbusculares (FMAs) nativos da rizosfera de ipê amarelo (Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols) e avaliar o efeito de sua inoculação em plantas de milho. A extração dos FMAs da rizosfera de ipê amarelo, o isolamento e a inoculação dos esporos em plantas de milho foram realizados no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e Crescimento de Plantas da Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA) em outubro de 2017. O efeito da simbiose no crescimento inicial das plantas foi avaliado em condições de laboratório, sob iluminação artificial com fotoperíodo de 12 horas e regas diárias por 15 dias. Foram isolados 410 esporos de FMAs pertencentes a três espécies: Glomus clarum, G etunicatum e G. geosporum. Os FMAs colonizaram de forma eficiente o sistema radicular das plantas de milho e proporcionaram, na primeira coleta, incrementos superiores a 100% na massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea, quando comparadas às plantas controle. Conclui-se que a inoculação com os FMAs, nativos da rizosfera do ipê amarelo, aumenta a massa seca das plantas, tornando-se, um inoculante promissor para o cultivo do milho.PALAVRA CHAVE: Crescimento vegetativo, Micorrizas, Produtividade.
Several methodologies are available for the study of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AM). Most involving the colouring of typical symbiosis structures, with the use of dyes such as Trypan Blue, which can be harmful to users' health (e.g., carcinogens) and the environment (e.g., pollutants). In order to use safe alternatives for AM fungi studies, a comparison and analysis of the use of industrial organic food dyes (Arcólor®) in blue and red colours, organic dye based on Euterpe oleracea Mart. pulp (açaí) and the traditional Trypan Blue (control), all of them diluted in commercial vinegar, for observation and quantification of the typical structures of mycorrhizal infection in the roots of Vigna unguiculata L., Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke, Zea mays L. and Brachiaria sp. The results indicated that the organic dyes visually colour the structures of the AM fungi. However, blue food colouring is as effective as Trypan Blue, in addition to being a good option in teaching activities evolving AM fungi, mainly because it presents less risk to users' health. Thus, a good substitute for the Trypan Blue synthetic dye is presented, based on an effective, easily applicable, low cost and safe methodology for the study and teaching of AM fungi.
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