A screening study is an economical method for analyzing a large number of independent variables using a relatively small number of data points. The role of screening studies in sequential research designs is discussed and demonstrated. The methodology for selecting variables, choosing an experimental design, and collecting data is presented by reviewing the results of a recent study. The screening study was conducted using a Hadamard matrix to investigate the effects of 16 variables on a telephone information system which uses synthetic speech as the display modality. Only 32 data points were required to evaluate 16 factors in the screening study. The results of this study are discussed in terms of strategies to conduct efficient sequential research in human factors.
This paper describes a systematic methodology for selecting independent variables to be considered in large-scale research problems. Five specific procedures including brainstorming, prototype interface representation, feasibility/relevance analyses, structured literature reviews, and user subjective ratings are evaluated and incorporated into an integrated strategy. This methodology is demonstrated in the context of designing the user interface for a telephone-based information inquiry system. The procedure was successful in reducing an initial set of 95 independent variables to a subset of 19 factors that warrant subsequent detailed analysis. These results are discussed in terms of a comprehensive sequential research methodology useful for investigating human factors problems.
A three-phase methodology was used to design an accessible photo CD player for older adults with mildly impaired vision. During Phase I of the study, critical barriers to a photo CD player were identified that prevent older users with presbyopia from operating this product. These barriers included small Remote Control Unit (RCU) labeling, low label-background contrast, and inadequate feedback from the player system. During Phase II, cost-effective solutions were identified through research into existing literature and available technologies. Phase III evaluated the efficacy of these design modifications on both the accessibility and usability of the photo CD player. The results of the Phase III empirical study indicated that enlarging a RCU and using high contrast labeling significantly improved accessibility. Overall, these results support the use of such a three-phase methodology to design accessible consumer products for users with special needs.
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