The essential oils were obtained from Myosotis arvensis L. and M. palustris L. by hydrodistillation and subsequently analyzed by GC-MS. Fifteen components in M. arvensis and twenty-one in M. palustris representing, respectively, 89.63 and 93.19 % of the total oils were identified on the basis of their retention time, mass spectra characteristics and semi-quantitative data were obtained from relative peak area percentages. The 3-methyl-benzaldehyde was found to be the major constituent of both tested oils (42.76 % in M. arvensis and 45.80 % in M. palustris). Additionally, methyl salicylate was a characteristic compound for M. arvensis and a-bisabolol oxide B for M. palustris.

AbstraktWstęp. Park dworski w Laskowicach (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie) został założony w XIX wieku w stylu naturalistycznym. Od tego czasu uległ w dużym stopniu przekształceniom, a jego roślin-ność przypomina zbiorowiska leśne. Celem niniejszego opracowania była analiza struktury flory naczyniowej przed planowaną rewitalizacją parku oraz przedstawienie propozycji okazów dendroflory do ochrony pomnikowej. Materiał i metody. Na zlecenie obecnego zarządcy, Nadleśnictwa Dąbrowa, w latach 2015-2016 wykonano inwentaryzację roślin naczyniowych oraz pomnikowych okazów dendroflory. Florę naczyniową przeanalizowano pod kątem form życiowych, grup geograficzno-historycznych i socjologiczno-ekologicznych. Wyniki. W parku stwierdzono 203 taksony flory naczyniowej, w tym 8 gatunków cennychzagrożonych i chronionych. Najliczniej reprezentowanymi rodzinami są: Poaceae, Asteraceae i Rosaceae. Duży udział we florze mają gatunki obce geograficznie (27%), wśród których dominują kenofity. Wśród form życiowych najwięcej stwierdzono hemikryptofitów, duży udział stanowią fanerofity oraz terofity i geofity. We florze przeważają gatunki zbiorowisk nieleśnych z klas: Artemisietea vulgaris, Agropyretea intermedio-repentis i Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, ale niewiele mniejszy udział mają gatunki klasy Querco-Fagetea. Zarówno gatunki leśne, jak i ruderalne wskazują na Tilio-Carpinetum jako potencjalne zbiorowisko leśne. Wnioski. Duży udział obcych gatunków flory na terenie parku potwierdza jego antropogeniczny charakter. Wykonana inwentaryzacja flory daje podstawy do rewitalizacji parku z zachowaniem jego przyrodniczych walorów. Zaproponowano 61 drzew i kwitnące okazy bluszczu do objęcia ochroną prawną w postaci pomników przyrody.Słowa kluczowe: gatunki obce, pomnik przyrody, flora naczyniowa

Abstract. Laskowice is a village located in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, in Świecie Upland near Świecie. On the edges of the village there is a manor-palace complex established by Franz von Gordon in the first half of the 19th century. Since the palace was destroyed in 1945, the maintenance of the park was ceased. Currently the object is administrated by Dąbrowa Forest District.The aim of the study was to determine the direction of vegetation transformation of the park in the light of lack of use. Lack of human interference within examined object has initiated regeneration processes. At present the vegetation of the park refers to structure and species composition of natural forest plant communities. Phytosociological research carried out in 2015 and 2016 revealed the presence of following associations: Ficario-Ulmetum, Fraxino-Alnetum and Tilio-Carpinetum. Shrub vegetation of Rhamno-Prunetea class develops in places. Non-forest vegetation of meadows (Arrhenatheretum elatioris) and nitrophilous edges (Urtico-Aegopodietum) are present. In case of analyzed object the physionomy and species composition of forest communities differs from typical forms. An attention is paid to a strongly developed layer of brushwood. There is a lack of some characteristic species, alien species are present in treestand and shrub layers. A large share in phytocoenoses of Ficario-Ulmetum and Tilio-Carpinetum has Sambucus nigra and in case of the first association also alien species -Philadelphus coronarius and Symphoricarpos albus. Values of calculated indices of synanthropization confirm the regeneration of forest communities: index of natural character achieves value ≥40% and synanthropization index ranges from 48.78% for Tilio-Carpinetum to 60.00% for Fraxino-Alnetum.

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Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the E. senticosus fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC50 values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity.

The existence and functioning of spring ecosystems is determined by groundwater seepage or outflow. The water seeping through the ground surface triggers off the headward and deep erosion processes, which results in the channelled shape of the lowland rheocrenic springs. Spring areas significantly contribute to the floristic, phytocoenotic and landscape diversity. The literature on the vegetation cover of lowland spring ecosystems is scarce. Most papers refer to the identification of their flora and plant communities, less frequently-the relationships between habitat conditions and vegetation. The studies indicate that pH and moisture content are the main factors determining the composition and species diversity of ecosystems supplied by groundwater. My study presents a detailed geobotanical analysis performed on one forested spring area (together with an adjacent area) of 0.378 ha, which was divided into 945 study plots-squares with an area of 4 m 2. Three zones were distinguished in the studied spring area: the bottom with a specific mosaic pattern caused by the presence of streams, water seepage sites and mineral islands, the steep slope and the surrounding area. A detailed map of habitats and the actual vegetation was prepared. A list of vascular plant species was compiled for each study plot, based on which maps with the distribution of mean Ellenberg's indicator values were created. Statistically significant differences in the variance of Ellenberg's indicator values between the distinguished zones were demonstrated (ANOVA), and the correlations between the ecological indicators within a given zone were calculated. CCA analysis of plant communities and the distinguished zones revealed that the occurrence of e.g. Carici remotae-Fraxinetum and non-forest plant communities of wet and moist habitats is associated with the bottom of the niche characterised by a high value of Ellenberg's moisture indicator F. Whereas the Acer platanoides-Tilia cordata community and the Tilio-Carpinetum corydaletosum association develop on the slope with high values of the temperature indicator T. Furthermore, the CCA analysis performed on the plant species and the distinguished zones confirmed the above results. It has been shown that the species composition and the distribution of plant species and plant communities in the study area are mainly determined by soil moisture content, but also by light and temperature.

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