The role of specific foods and of food additives in detrimental behaviors has recently become a subject of controversy and research. The eventual issue of whether controlled diet can improve behavior has been preempted by a more basic issue: Does food affect behavior at all? The author believes it does -and has filmed patients' reactions to basic foods which, she believes, other physicians like herself are required to deal with regularly. Others disagree, claiming that the reactions seen in practice and demonstrated in research are purely "psychological." The Journal seeks other research reports regarding this most important controversy. -G.M.S.Conflicting reports make it difficult to determine if foods, food coloring, or allergies are related to hyperactivity. Twenty-four hyperactive children were tested with sublingual foods and dyes followed by a seven-day diet omitting milk, wheat, egg, cocoa, corn, sugar, and food coloring, and by subsequent individual ingestion challenges with these same food items. More than 70% of the children had evidence of allergy in their personal and family history, as well as positive allergy skin tests. The sublingual dye, but not the sublingual mixed-food test, correlated well with repeated ingestion challenges. Twelve children improved to a moderate or marked degree during the seven-day diet. A simple sublingual food-coloring test or a oneweek experimental diet can be used to detect a subgroup of children hyperactive from specific food dyes or foods. Improvement persisted in children who avoided offending food dyes or foods for at least 12 weeks.
Tributyrin offers several advantages as a substrate for lipases. It is readily dispersed without detergents and the products formed on hydrolysis are water-soluble. However, in this system lipoprotein lipase is not stable and the rate of hydrolysis decreases rapidly. Inactivation is promoted by an increase of the pH or the concentration of sodium chloride, but is impeded by surface-active materials such as proteins and detergents. Because of the pronounced effects that these components have on the stability of the enzyme it has been difficult to evaluate their effects on the catalytic properties in the tributyrin system. These difficulties could be largely overcome by using a gumarabic-stabilized emulsion of tributyrin and initiating the reaction at pH below 8. Under these conditions there was a short initial phase during which the rate of lipolysis increased by the reaction then continued at a steady rate, suggesting that the enzyme was stable at the emulsion-water interface. By adding substances or by changing the pH after lipolysis had attained a steady rate, it was possible to evaluate the effects on the rate of hydrolysis under conditions when the enzyme was rather stable. Using this approach it was found that the enzyme hydrolyzes tributyrin at about the same rate as it hydrolyzes long-chain triglycerides. The rate of hydrolysis increased with pH to 9.5; higher pH could not be adequately tested because of rapid non-enzymatic hydrolysis. There was no need for cofactor protein or albumin; agents which are necessary for sustained rapid hydrolysis of long-chain triglycerides. Larger amounts of albumin or of several other proteins inhibited the lipolysis, presumably since the proteins adsorb to the emulsion-water interface. This inhibition could be partly relieved by cofactor proteins. This was the only case when an effect of such proteins was seen in the tributyrin system. Detergents such as bile salts and decyl sulphate inhibited lipolysis. At pH 7.8 90 inhibition was obtained with 0.5 mM deoxycholate, but the inhibition was less marked at higher pH. It was not relieved by pancreatic colipase or by any of several proteins with cofactor activity for lipoprotein lipase. Many of the agents reported to strongly affect lipoprotein lipase activity against long-chain triglycerides in the presence of albumin and cofactor proteins had little or no effect in the tributyrin system, e.g. 1 M NaC1, 5 mM pyrophosphate, 5 mM Ca2+, or heparin or protamin in concentrations up to 0.1 mg/ml.
Eleven children were treated with a food extract after titration food allergy testing. They remained improved for one to three months while ingesting the foods to which they were sensitive. Five of eight patients completed a double-blind evaluation of the food extract and successfully differentiated the latter solution from two placebo solutions. Two of three children who failed to identify correctly the food extract relapsed when food therapy was discontinued and responded favorably when this therapy was again reinstituted.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.