In spite of the goals of 'new' public health and its emphasis on health promotion as an investment in the autonomy of the 'public' to make decisions on health, by means of interventions in its structural conditioning factors, health education in general remains focused on individual responsibility and disease prevention. The article discusses these issues, presenting the main proposals of health promotion that emerged in the 70's as the main strategy of the so-called 'new public health'. Based on a literature review, categorized according to the themes of interest for the proposed discussion, the article also analyzes the use of these proposals in the field of health education. The literature search for a theoretical background to support this analysis is justified by the relevance of the discussed issues for nursing practice and the limited production of theoretical approaches about health promotion and health education by nurses.

Exploring productivity loss due to presenteeism, and how it can have an influence on employees' productivity has been an important concern for HR managers. Using the Conservation of Resources theory and the Job Demands-Resources model, this study investigated how work engagement could mediate the relationship between both emotional exhaustion and negative affect and productivity loss due to presenteeism in a country experiencing an economic downturn. A total of 42 employees from a health care institution completed a ten-day diary survey (420 diary tasks). Multilevel linear modeling results, including power analyses, showed that negative affect and emotional exhaustion predicted productivity loss due to presenteeism positively, while work engagement predicted productivity loss negatively. Furthermore, we found that at a day-level, work engagement mediated the effects of emotional exhaustion and negative affect on productivity loss due to presenteeism. This study highlights the importance of promoting work engagement to reduce the effects of negative affect and emotional exhaustion on productivity loss due to presenteeism through intervention.

Esta nota resulta de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com o objetivo de explorar o fenômeno "risco do acidente de trânsito" na perspectiva de moto-boys. O estudo foi embasado nas teorias sociológicas sobre risco, em especial, as que enfatizam o caráter sócio-cultural dos seus significados. As informações foram coletadas por meio de grupos focais e analisadas seguindo os passos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Segundo os moto-boys, os riscos do acidente de trânsito são inerentes ao cotidiano de trabalho e produzidos por interesses pessoais e sociais, no sentido das demandas por dinheiro, velocidade e urgência. Os moto-boys tentam controlar esses riscos utilizando estratégias de autocuidado. Considerando a alta incidência de acidentes de trânsito envolvendo moto-boys em Porto Alegre, parece que tais estratégias têm sido pouco eficazes. A nota argumenta que os acidentes de trânsito envolvendo moto-boys são acidentes de trabalho e, portanto, as ações de promoção da saúde que investem na sua prevenção precisam extrapolar o grupo de indivíduos que pilotam as motocicletas, sendo dirigidas também a clientes e patrões de serviços de telentrega.

RESUMO:Estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. Teve como objetivo analisar as concepções de estudantes de enfermagem acerca da educação em saúde e quais são os seus sujeitos e agentes. Os campos de desenvolvimento do estudo foram os Cursos de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram da pesquisa os estudantes do último semestre dos respectivos cursos. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática. Os resultados sugerem que o trabalho educativo em saúde é permeado por concepções que mesclam pressupostos tradicionais e pressupostos ampliados de educação em saúde, embora os primeiros sejam prevalentes. Percebe-se o predomínio de concepções com foco no saber biomédico, traduzido por experiências curriculares pautadas em ações preventivistas, com ênfase em saberes técnico-científicos e em mudanças individuais de comportamento. DESCRITORES:Educação em saúde. Promoção da saúde. Educação em enfermagem. HEALTH EDUCATION: BY WHOM AND FOR WHOM? THE VISION OF NURSING UNDERGRADUATES STUDENTSABSTRACT: The objective of this descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the conceptions of Brazilian nursing undergraduates about health education and its subjects and agents. It was developed in the Undergraduate Nursing Courses of the Federal University of Santa Maria and the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The research participants were enrolled in their last semester before graduation. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview and submitted to thematic content analysis. The results suggest that health education work is permeated by conceptions that blend traditional and enlarged health education assumptions, although the former are more prevalent. Through this study, one perceives the dominance of conceptions which focus on biomedical knowledge translated through curricular experiences guided by preventive actions that emphasize technical and scientific knowledge and individual behavior changes.DESCRIPTORS: Health education. Health promotion. Education, nursing. EDUCACION EN LA SALUD: POR QUIEN Y PARA QUIEN? LA VISION DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE GRADUACIÓN EN ENFERMERIARESUMEN: Estudio exploratório, descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo. Tuvo como objetivo analizar los conceptos de los estudiantes de enfermería sobre la educación para la salud y cuáles son sus sujetos y agentes. Las áreas de desarrollo del estudio fueran los Cursos de Enfermería de la Universidad de Santa Maria y de la Universidad Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaran de la investigación los estudiantes del último semestre de los respectivos cursos. La colecta de datos fue realizada mediante entrevista semi-estructurada y los datos fueran sometidos al análisis del contenido temático. Los resultados sugieren que el trabajo educativo en la salud es infiltrado por concepciones que mesclan presupuestos tradicionales y hipótesis ampli...

tuberculosis mortality was higher in capitals with greater income inequality, migration, poverty among black-skinned individuals and occurrence of Tb/HIV coinfection.

The paper analyzes the emphasis of the professionals of Family Health Teams (FHTs) on adolescent women's puerperium as a period in which women are particularly vulnerable. The adolescent women's special vulnerability in the puerperium period is justified by their way of living, showing a natural tendency to making the adolescence phenomenon something natural. The analysis was performed on some results from a qualitative study performed with FHTs of Santa Maria/RS, which used the focus groups strategy and content analysis. This study adds important contributions to the work of health professionals, indicating and giving visibility to the circumstances and elements implied in the production of adolescent women's vulnerability in the puerperium. Results suggest that a reorientation of education and health promotion practices that goes beyond the informative component are needed. In addition, there is a need to incorporate the vulnerability perspective in the planning of those actions.

A population-based case-control study was carried out to identify determinant factors for post-neonatal infant deaths due to diarrhea, pneumonia, and malnutrition in Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte, Southeast Brazil. From May 1, 1991, to April 30, 1992, 511 post-neonatal deaths due to diarrhea, pneumonia, and malnutrition were selected after investigation of medical records to validate cause of death. Of this total, 396 deaths were compared to a neighborhood control group, matched for age. The study was carried out in a low-income area with a high proportion of families living in shantytowns. The article discusses the methodology and selected socioeconomic factors. Logistic regression analysis indicated that number of household appliances, mother's and father's education, and mother's marital and work status were significantly associated with risk of infant death, i.e., they were determinants of infant deaths due to avoidable causes.

Resumo O artigo aborda o processo de formação vivenciado por enfermeiras educadoras no contexto hospitalar, na perspectiva da educação permanente em saúde, com destaques para as experiências que constituíram esse processo, os sentidos dessa formação e as mudanças decorridas no desenvolvimento do cuidado de enfermagem com base nas aprendizagens significativas. Tratou-se de estudo qualitativo exploratório--descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de grupos focais com sete enfermeiras que atuavam no Programa de Educação Permanente em Enfermagem num hospital universitário, em Porto Alegre, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em 2010, à luz dos pressupostos da Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde. A análise de conteúdo, do tipo temático, foi realizada utilizando-se o software NVivo 8.0 para organização e categorização dos dados obtidos. Os resultados mostraram que a participação das enfermeiras no programa resultou em abertura para diversas mudanças no seu processo de trabalho e na modelagem de ensino-aprendizagem instituída, ampliando conceitos e espaços de formação com ênfase no aprendizado coletivo no trabalho e sobre ele, o que causa impacto no cuidado de enfermagem. Palavras-chave educação em enfermagem; educação permanente; educação em saúde; prática profissional; aprendizagem.Abstract The article discusses the training process educator nurses get in the hospital context from the perspective of permanent education in health, highlighting the experiences that constituted this process, the meanings of the training, and the changes that took place in the development of nursing care based on meaningful learning. This was an exploratory, descriptive qualitative study developed through focus groups with seven nurses working in the Continuing Education Program in Nursing at a university hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2010, the light of the assumptions set forth under the National Policy of Permanent Education in Health. The thematic analysis of the content made using the NVivo 8.0 software for organizing and categorizing data. The results showed that the nurses' participation in the program resulted in opening to several changes in their work process and in the established teaching-learning modeling, expanding training concepts and spaces with an emphasis on collective learning at work and on it, which impacts nursing care.