Bone mass of the whole body and spine was lower than expected for chronological age in approximately one third of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis irrespective of gender or age. This may be explained by the observation of low bone turnover for developmental stage as indicated by bone biomarkers. Suboptimal status of vitamins D and K may be key causative factors of the low bone status for age.

Our results suggest that both 1 mg and 5 mg of vitamin K1, given over a one-month period in pancreatic insufficient pediatric cystic fibrosis patients improve vitamin K status.

These results suggest that children aged less than 12 years and older children with normal vitamin E levels are especially unlikely to have low 25-OH vitamin D levels, and this measure can therefore be omitted. In contrast, those children with low vitamin E levels may warrant monitoring.

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