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BackgroundCapillary rather than venipuncture may be a simpler and less invasive blood collection protocol that would increase the number of potential sampling tests. However, if capillary sampling can be used as an alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma, total creatine kinase (CK) activity in response to a football training session is poorly known.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine whether capillary blood sampling would provide representative measures of total CK activity compared to venipuncture in response to a football training session-induced elevated CK plasma levels.MethodsTwenty-two players from an under-19 football team performed a simulated football match with 11 players on each team for 90 minutes total duration (two halves of 45 minutes with 15 minutes rest between). Venous and ear lobe capillary blood samples were collected before and after (24h and 48h) the training session. Athletes retested for three consecutive days after exercise during the recovery week.ResultsThe simulated match significantly increased (P< 0.05) total CK activity as determined in both venous (1.7-fold) and capillary (1.9-fold) blood sampling. Total CK activity determined using capillary samples demonstrated significant correlation (r = 0.85; P < 0.01) and an elevated concordance Lin index (pc = 0.80) when compared to venous sampling total CK. The Bland–Altman plot showed capillary sampling CK overestimated venous CK levels by 130 U/L (61%), with moderated variance and low bias.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that capillary sampling for total CK activity assay may be considered a reliable alternative to venipuncture to determine changes in plasma total CK activity in response to a football training session.

The purpose this study was to evaluate the effect of training judo in the competition period on the plasmatic levels of bioactive molecules in high-performance male athletes. The subjects were divided into two groups, a trained group with 11 judokas and a nontrained group also with 11 subjects. Blood samples obtained 60 h after training to measure plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and leptin levels. The trained group presented a significant reduction in the percentage of fat and fat mass and an increase in the lumbar and lower limbs traction forces and the maximum VO(2) when compared to the nontrained group. There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 between the two groups. The trained group presented a lower concentration of leptin, both as absolute values as well as relative to the percentage of fat, and a higher concentration of MCP-1, in relation to the nontrained group. Our results suggest an adaptation in the capacity of synthesizing and secreting leptin in response to chronic stress in judo, what suggests a neuro-hormonal adjustment that guarantees the efficiency of metabolism. The changes of MCP-1 indicated a possible inflammatory state.

Determine the relationship between changes in oxidative stress markers, muscle damage, DOMS, and their relationship with performance in response to a session of football training during a 1-week recovery period of young football players. Methods: Nineteen young football players aged 16.7±1.0 years were included in the study. After initial evaluation for basal levels of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers, DOMS, and performance testing (Vertical Jump, Agility T-test, and RAST potency test), the athletes were submitted to a routine training session composed of squatting exercises, followed by a simulated football match of 45 minutes. Athletes were reevaluated for 3 consecutive days (24h, 48h, and 72h after the training session) during the recovery week. Results: An elevated DOMS score in the quadriceps and posterior thigh (P<0.05) and serum CK was observed 24h to 72h after the training session. Despite elevated DOMS and CK muscle damage markers, no changes were observed in the vertical jump test, RAST potency test, or agility T-test during the recovery week. In addition, no changes in the oxidative stress markers analyzed MDA, AOPP, and GSH were observed during the recovery week. Conclusion: Training sessions with squatting exercises and simulated matches promote a rise in CK and DOMS, but not sufficient to impair physical performance during the training week in young players.

RESUMOO estudo teve por objetivo identificar a satisfação da autopercepção da imagem corporal de adolescentes do sexo feminino, praticantes de ginástica rítmica (GR) e identificar a sua possível relação com o estado nutricional. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com caráter descritivo/analítico entre 88 atletas adolescentes do sexo feminino (12,3±1,3 anos), participantes da copa estadual de GR. Para mensuração da imagem corporal, foi aplicado o teste de escala de silhuetas com nove figuras e, para a avaliação do estado nutricional, o índice de massa corporal (IMC), tendo como base a proposta de Conde e Monteiro (2006). A insatisfação com a imagem corporal foi de 77,3%, sendo que das ginastas insatisfeitas 55,7% desejam diminuir a silhueta. Pode-se dizer que os níveis de insatisfação corporal entre as atletas investigadas são no mínimo preocupantes, uma vez que estas mesmo estando dentro do IMC considerado como normal, desejam ser mais magras. Palavras-chave: Imagem corporal, ginástica rítmica, adolescentes, estado nutricional. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY DISSATISFACTION AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS AMONG YOUNG GYMNASTS ABSTRACTThe study aimed to identify the satisfaction of self-perception of body image in female adolescents, practicing rhythmic gymnastics (RG) and identify its possible relationship with nutritional status. We conducted a cross-sectional study with descriptive/analytical between 88 female adolescent athletes (12.3±1.3 years), participants in the state crown RG. For measurement of body image, it was applied the test range of silhouettes with nine figures, and the assessment of nutritional status, body mass index (BMI) based on the proposal of Conde and Monteiro (2006). Dissatisfaction with body image was of 77.3% and 55.7% of gymnasts unfulfilled wish to lessen the silhouette. We could say that the levels of body dissatisfaction among the athletes investigated are at least concern, as these even when considered within the normal BMI, want to be thinner.