Effect of Training Judo in the Competition Period on the Plasmatic Levels of Leptin and Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in High-Performance Male Athletes

Abstract

The purpose this study was to evaluate the effect of training judo in the competition period on the plasmatic levels of bioactive molecules in high-performance male athletes. The subjects were divided into two groups, a trained group with 11 judokas and a nontrained group also with 11 subjects. Blood samples obtained 60 h after training to measure plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), and leptin levels. The trained group presented a significant reduction in the percentage of fat and fat mass and an increase in the lumbar and lower limbs traction forces and the maximum VO(2) when compared to the nontrained group. There was no significant difference in the serum concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 between the two groups. The trained group presented a lower concentration of leptin, both as absolute values as well as relative to the percentage of fat, and a higher concentration of MCP-1, in relation to the nontrained group. Our results suggest an adaptation in the capacity of synthesizing and secreting leptin in response to chronic stress in judo, what suggests a neuro-hormonal adjustment that guarantees the efficiency of metabolism. The changes of MCP-1 indicated a possible inflammatory state.

Carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism responses to a graded maximal exercise test and recovery period in athletes and sedentary subjects

“…Furthermore, exercise training studies indicate that mild exercise, such as brisk walking or jogging, might promote a reduction in triglycerides and total cholesterol level [20]. On the other hand, our findings are similar to the values found in previous study on elite boxers [22] and judo players [23]. However, the majority of studies comparing endurance athletes to sedentary controls or the general population reported that athletes have lower LDL-cholesterol and higher HDL-cholesterol levels [4,5,20].…”

A study on serum leptin, lipoproteins and glucose levels of judoists and cyclists of Turkey

“…Many researchers reported that athletes had a higher leptin level than sedanteries and the leptin response of athletes in anaerobic sports was not sensitive to acute short or prolonged submaximal exercise. Reduced leptin level, mostly depends on not only the level of energy expenditure, but also glucoregulatory factors including improvements in insulin sensitivity as well as lipid metabolism, and unknown factors (Gippine et al, 1999;De Oliveira et al, 2009;Kraemer et al, 2002;Bouassida et al, 2009).…”

Modalidades esportivas de combate de domí­nio: respostas bioquí­micas, hematológicas e hormonais

“…Em estudo com judocas, Degoutte et al [2] encontraram aumento significativo nos níveis de triglicerídeos (TG), ácidos graxos livres, glicerol, HDL-colesterol (HDL-c), colesterol total (Ct) após luta de cinco minutos, o que indica aumento da atividade do metabolismo lipídico. Por outro lado, Oliveira et al [25] não observaram diferenças no Ct e TG de lutadores experientes de judô em período competitivo, quando compara-Quadro I -Análises sanguíneas em praticantes de modalidades de combate de domínio.…”

“…Acerca da leptina, hormônio responsável pelo controle do apetite, Oliveira et al [25] relataram menor nível em judocas treinados em relação a não treinados. Segundo os autores, a utilização constante de métodos para redução de massa corporal associada ao considerável gasto energético do treinamento é fator negativo para secreção deste hormônio, que acaba agindo como mecanismo de controle a partir de ajustes compensatórios para manter a massa corporal estável [25]. Além disso, em investigação com mulheres judocas, evidenciou-se níveis baixos de leptina 24 horas após sessão intensa de treinamento (5,4 ± 2 µg/L), possivelmente por aumento do gasto e consequente desequilíbrio energético [26].…”