Objective: The aims of this study are to identify the molecular interactions and the pharmacophore-fit of of α mangostin and its derivatives with estrogen receptor α (ERα) using computational simulation approaches to obtain new potent of anti-breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking simulation and 3D structure-based pharmacophore models were employed to identify the molecular interactions of α-mangostin and its derivatives against estrogen receptor α (ERα) (PDB ID: 3ERT). Results:The results showed that the binding energy of α-mangostin and its best derivative (AMD10) were −9.05 kcal/mol and −11.89 kcal/mol, respectively. These compounds also interacted with Thr347, Asp351, Met388, Met528, Ile424, Arg394, and Glu353. The pharmacophore-fit scores of α-mangostin and AMD10 were 83.06% and 86.46%, respectively. In addition, the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties were predicted. Conclusion: These results showed that α-mangostin and AMD10 are promising candidates of novel anti-breast-cancer agents with antagonistic activity to ERα.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the molecular interactions, geometrical properties, encapsulation process and calculated energy of the inclusion complexes system between α−mangostin (guest) with α−cyclodextrin, β−cyclodextrin and γ-cyclodextrin (hosts) in an aqueous environment using the semi-empirical quantum mechanical methods of PM6 and PM7. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking simulation and semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations of PM6 and PM7 were employed to identify the molecular interactions between α−mangostin and three types of cyclodextrin. Results: The inclusion complex formation energy values of all α−mangostin/cyclodextrin that obtained by the semiempirical PM7 method were significantly lower than complexation energy obtained by the semi-empirical PM6 method. Conclusion: The inclusion complex of α−mangostin/γ−cyclodextrin is the most favorable pathway of inclusion complex formation of α−mangostin with cyclodextrin because it has the highest negative value of free binding energy (∆G) and complexation energy (∆E) compared to α−mangostin/α−cyclodextrin and α−mangostin/β−cyclodextrin.

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Breast cancer is the most common cancer suffered by women with 1.67 million new cases in the world by 2012 with a mortality rate of 12.9%. Tamoxifen is a standard therapy for breast cancer but can cause endometrial and thromboembolic cancer. Andrografolid is an active compound from  Andrographis paniculata which has antiproliferation activity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with IC50 was 61.11 μM. The purpose of this study was to design andrographolide modification structures as human estrogen receptor alpha (hER-α) antagonists. Molecular docking simulation results showed that the andrographolide and AND5 (best andrographolide derivative) have free binding energy (ΔG) values were -9.65 kcal/mol and -12.43 kcal/mol, respectively, and hydrogen bonds were formed with Gly521, Asp351, and Met343. The ΔG value of ANDS was lower than tamoxifen (-11.40 kcal/mol). Pharmacophore modeling results showed that andrographolide and AND5 had a high pharmacophore-fit value of 46.39% and 63.47%, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation using MM-PBSA calculation method, showed that the hERα-AND5 system has a value of ΔGTOTAL = -50.52 kcal/mol compared to the hERα-estradiol system as an agonist with a value of ∆GTOTAL = -40.86 kcal/mol . These results suggested that AND5 has better affinity for hERα compared to estradiol so that AND5 is a very promising anti breast cancer agent.Keywords: Andrographolide, molecular dynamics, breast cancer, molecular docking, estrogen receptor alpha