Abstract. IPv6 have been examining at the next IP address standard. But IPv4 have to be used for a while by the following reasons: tremendous cost and efforts for converting to IPv6. One of the serious problems of the IPv4 addressing structure is the fact that is a shortage of IP addresses. The address shortage is derived by lots of unused addresses during IP distribution and IP subnetting design. We propose an effective subnet IP address calculation method on VLSM. Also, with the proposed subnet IP address management method, a web based subnet address management system is introduced. The web-based subnet IP management system offers convenience in VLSM-based subnetting. The proposed VLSM calculation method can give a simple and effective IP management.
Most contents of the Book of Songs on Fuyang Han bamboo slips are incomplete and impaired. The contents of the Book of Songs on the 170 pieces of bamboo slips collated are quite different from those of the present version, and they are generally regarded by the academic circle as different from the poems of four schools with high value of historical materials. Among them, the "[bu] wo you nu" on Slip 030 is different from the version of "bu yi you nu" nowadays. There are still some differences in the properties and grammatical meanings of "wo" and "yi". The author believes "wo" is not a personal pronoun, but an interchangeable word of "yi". They are of different texts but same meaning.
Crosscutting concepts (CCCs) are superordinate in the scientific concept system, common across disciplines, and very abstract. These characteristics, with the addition of incoherence in their curricular presentation, can challenge instructors. We designed a modular course based on coherence and conceptual understanding. The course structure was arranged in accordance with intra- and inter-unit coherence of CCCs, and each lesson was prepared according to “concept-based instruction” and the “5E instructional model.” The results of the pretest and posttest and the semi-structured interviews consistently showed that the participating high school students significantly improved their understanding of CCCs, thus supporting the effectiveness of the modular course.
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