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Abstract. In mobile ad hoc networks, mobile devices wander autonomously for the use of wireless links and dynamically varying network topology. AODV (Ad-hoc on-demand Distance vector routing) is a representative among the most widely studied on-demand ad hoc routing protocols. Previous protocols have shown some shortcomings on performance. AODV and most of the ondemand ad hoc routing protocols use single route reply along reverse path. Rapid change of topology causes that the route reply could not arrive to the source node, i.e. after a source node sends several route request messages, the node obtains a reply message, especially on high speed mobility. This increases both in communication delay and power consumption as well as decrease in packet delivery ratio. To avoid these problems, we propose a reverse AODV which tries multiple route replies. The extended AODV is called reverse AODV (R-AODV), which has a novel aspect compared to other on-demand routing protocols on Ad-hoc Networks: it reduces path fail correction messages and obtains better performance than the AODV and other protocols have. We design the R-AODV protocol and implement simulation models using NS-2. Simulation results show that the reverse AODV provides good experimental results on packet delivery ratio, power consumption and communication delay.

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The introduction of useful microblogging services like Twitter derives significant changes in various areas of society. The smart tools such as mobile devices and microblogging services have led to great changes in the traditional way of education. It is possible to access good quality educational contents and methods in a more convenient way. Although a lot of smart tools have been applied for educational application, there are only limited researches that demonstrate the educational effectiveness of smart tools through experiment considerations. In this study, research documents about smart learning from 2007 have been treated based on 5 major searching sites; we investigate the research trends of smart learning of education. The opinion of the researchers about the educational use of smart tools is analyzed. Then, through substantial experiment, we are acquainted that the smart tools have a positive effect on the educational environment. As a practical application, the Twitter microblogging service is used for educational communications in 2 classes of a university during a semester. As a result, we can find that smart tools contribute to increase the efficiency of education, but learners and teachers need to pay considerable efforts on the use of smart tools to achieve the purpose.

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ABSTRACT

Abstract-With the increasing interest in micro blogging services, extensive research has focused on Twitter for a variety of purposes. For effective research on Twitter, an investigation of academic research papers related with Twitter will be required in order to analyze research trends. However, it is not easy to review the vast data. Therefore, we extract the representative literature related to Twitter and investigate the trends in Twitter research by using the systematic literature review (SLR) method. The five most popular resource sites are selected to collect Twitter-related literature and the 106 papers selected based on SLR are analyzed to study interesting trends in Twitter research. To classify the research area, the selected papers are divided into five main research categories according to research topics. In addition, other valuable results such as the inclination of the authors are also understood.