Polymer-based nanoparticles have good solubility, stability, safety, and sustained release,which increases the absorption of loaded drugs, protects the drugs from degradation, and prolongs their circulation time and targeted delivery. Generally, we believe that prevention and control of infectious diseases through inoculation is the most efficient measure. However, these vaccines including live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines and DNA vaccines have several defects, such as immune tolerance, poor immunogenicity, low expression level and induction of respiration pathological changes. All kinds of biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers play major roles in the vaccine delivery system to control the release of antigens for an extended period of time. In addition, these polymers also serve as adjuvants to enhance the immunogenicity of vaccine. This review mainly introduces natural and synthetic polymer-based nanoparticles and their formulation and properties. Moreover, polymer-based nanoparticles as adjuvants and delivery carriers in the applications of vaccine are also discussed. This review provides the basis for further operation of nano vaccines by utilizing the polymer-based nanoparticles as vaccine adjuvants and delivery systems. Polymer-based nanoparticles have exhibited great potential in improving the immunogenicity of antigens and the development of nano vaccines in future.

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The findings of this review identified that the chitosan derivatives were used as delivery carrier for vaccines. It also indicates that the chitosan or its derivatives play a vital role in the drug and vaccine delivery systerm.

Purpose: Currently, there is no efficient and feasible method for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in clinical practice, and the main reason is the unclear pathogenesis of DLBCL, which leads to a high fatality rate of DLBCL. Methods: Therefore, it is meaningful to explore the molecular mechanism of DLBCL and find a targeted therapeutic approach from the molecular level. Results: Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SBF2-AS1 was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues and cell lines. Silencing of SBF2-AS1 inhibited the viability and growth of OCI-LY-3 cells. Furthermore, SBF2-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-494-3p and inhibited its expression. And miR-494-3p directly targeted FGFR2. Functionally, forced expression of miR-494-3p or knockdown of FGFR2 removed the promoted effects of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 on DLBCL development. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments indicated SBF2-AS1 accelerated tumor growth via miR-494-3p/FGFR2 axis. Conclusion:Our study revealed that SBF2-AS1 promoted the growth of DLBCL, which were mediated by miR-494-3p/FGFR2 axis.

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The plasma HO-1 levels can reflect patients' brucellosis status and may be used as a supplementary plasma marker for diagnosing brucellosis and monitoring its treatment.

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