A Gram-strain-positive bacterial strain 48(T) was isolated from traditional yogurt in Xinjiang Province, China. The bacterium was characterized by a polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, polymerase α subunit (rpoA) gene sequence analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, DNA-DNA hybridization with the type strain of Enterococcus ratti and analysis of phenotypic features. Strain 48(T) accounted for 96.1, 95.8, 95.8, and 95.7 % with Enterococcus faecium CGMCC 1.2136(T), Enterococcus hirae ATCC 9790(T), Enterococcus durans CECT 411(T), and E. ratti ATCC 700914(T) in the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. The sequence of rpoA gene showed similarities of 99.0, 96.0, 96.0, and 96 % with that of E. faecium ATCC 19434(T), Enterococcus villorum LMG12287, E. hirae ATCC 9790(T), and E. durans ATCC 19432(T), respectively. Based upon of polyphasic characterization data obtained in the study, a novel species, Enterococcus xinjiangensis sp. nov., was proposed and the type strain was 48(T)(=CCTCC AB 2014041(T) = JCM 30200(T)).
Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) have been demonstrated to exhibit potential chemotherapeutic efficacy against various cancer types. To determine the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in GSP-induced apoptosis, the present study prepared pancreatic cancer (PC) cells samples, S3, S12 and S24, which were treated with 20 µg/ml GSPs for 3, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Control cell samples, C3, C12 and C24, were also prepared. Using RNA-sequencing, transcriptome comparisons were performed, which identified 966, 3,543 and 4,944 differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in S3 vs. C3, S12 vs. C12 and S24 vs. C24, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis of the DEGs, revealed that treatment with GSPs is associated with disruption of the cell cycle (CC) in PC cells. Additionally, disruption of transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair were associated with GSP-treatment in PC cells. Network analysis demonstrated that the common DEGs involved in the CC, transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair were integrated, and served essential roles in the control of CC progression in cancer cells. In summary, GSPs may exhibit a potential chemotherapeutic effect on PC cell proliferation.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs of 18-25 nucleotides that modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs), which are biologically active components in grape seeds, have been demonstrated to exhibit anticancer effects. The current study investigated whether GSPs can regulate miRNA expression and the possible anticancer molecular mechanisms of GSPs. Pancreatic cancer (PC) cell samples, SS3, SS12 and SS24, were treated with 20 µg/ml GSPs for 3, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Control samples, SC3, SC12 and SC24, were also prepared. Using miRNA-seq, transcriptome analysis identified 24, 83 and 83 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in SS3 vs. SC3, SS12 vs. SC12 and SS24 vs. SC24, respectively. This indicated that treatment with GSPs could modulate the expression of miRNAs. Subsequently, 74, 598 and 1,204 target genes for the three sets of DE miRNAs were predicted. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that multiple target genes were associated with the proliferation and apoptosis of PC cells. In addition, a network was constructed of the DE miRNAs and the target genes associated with PC. The associations identified suggested that treatment with GSPs may inhibit the proliferation of PC cells through the modulation of miRNA expression.
Three different extraction methods were used to extract high-temperature water-extracted pectin (HWp), high-temperature acid-extracted pectin (HAp), and high-temperature alkali-extracted pectin (HALp) from Lycium ruthenicum. The physicochemical properties, structure, and functional properties of three different pectins were studied. The results showed that HWp and HALp can extract rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) from L. ruthenicum better. Through structural feature analysis, HWp and HALp have a branched structure, and HWp has a higher degree of esterification than HAp and HALp. Zeta potential results show that HWp solution is more stable. The thermal analysis results show that the thermal stability is HALp > HAp > HWp. HWp has the highest viscosity. The inhibitory activity results showed that HWp, HAp, and HALp have a certain inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase activity. This study shows the effects of different extraction methods on the properties of L. ruthenicum pectin and aims to provide a theoretical basis for the pharmaceutical and food industries to choose more suitable pectin extraction methods.
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