Background: Epithelial sodium channels are disputed in renal cell carcinoma, but its functions and effects on clinical outcomes are not well understood. Materials and Methods: IHC and PT-PCR were used to detect ENaCα, β, γ, AVPR2, AQP2, and MR expression in the primary tumor and peritumoral tissues. GEPIA online tool was used to analyze the relationship between epithelial sodium channels and clinical-pathological characteristics. Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource online tool was used to investigate the immune profile relevant to epithelial sodium channels expression. Results: Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that ENaCα, β, γ, AQP2, and AVPR2 mRNA were decreased in the RCC, but there was no difference in MR mRNA expression between kidney and RCC ( p =0.238). The IHC analyses showed that the intensely positive staining of ENaCα, β, γ, AVPR2, and AQP in the renal tubular and the attenuated in the RCCs. MR displayed moderate staining in both RCC and normal tissue. With the promotion of staging, the expression of AQP2, AVPR2, and MR reduced gradually and predicted a better prognosis. Although ENaCα, β, and γ were unable to associate with staging, we still observed a high expression of ENaCβ and γ displayed a poorer prognosis of RCC. Conclusions: ENaCs shows an oncogene profile in RCC, drugs targeting epithelial sodium channel should be a possible therapeutic way to treat RCC. AVPR2 and MR exhibit an encouraging immunomodulatory function; patients with low expression of AVPR2 and MR may obtain more benefit from immunotherapy.
Background. Cell division cycle associated 3 (CDCA3) mediates the ubiquitination WEE1 kinase at G2/M phase. However, its contribution to cancer immunity remains uncertain. Methods. We first evaluated the effect of CDCA3 on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The results of bioinformatics analysis were verified by the tissue microarray, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, CCK-8 assay, colony formation, cell cycle, and Western blot. Results. Bioinformatics analysis predicated CDCA3 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in RCC and was associated with poor TNM stage and grade. CDCA3 was related to the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and Tregs. Tissue microarray demonstrated that CDCA3 was strongly associated with poor prognosis and positively relevant to CD8+ T infiltration. In vitro experiments showed that exgenomic interference of CDCA3 could attenuate cellular proliferation, arrest cell cycle, and blockade accumulation of CDK4, Bub3, and Cdc20 in mitosis process. Conclusion. CDCA3 presents as a good biomarker candidate to predict the prognosis of RCC patients and potentiates the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) of RCC.
Purpose: To investigate the expression of miR-125b and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and assess the biological function of miR-125b in RCC. Methods: We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the expression of nucleic acids and western blotting to analyze the protein abundance in RCC cell lines. MiR-125b mimic and inhibitor were employed to investigate the function and behavior of miR-125b in RCC cell lines. The relationship between miR-125 and VDR was verified using luciferase assays. Results: Overexpression of miR-125b promoted migration and invasion and prevent cell apoptosis in ACHN cells. In contrast, miR-125b deficiency suppressed migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in 786-O cells. Luciferase assays indicated the interaction between miR-125b and VDR. In collected samples, miR-125b was significantly higher in RCC tissues and negatively correlated to VDR (r=-0.444, p=0.04). Conclusion: MiR-125b displays an oncogene profile in RCC, patients with high expression of miR-125b should be a more frequent follow-up. MiR-125B may be a potential therapeutic target for RCC.
Background: 30% of patients with hypokalemia develop ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Through clinical observation, we found that there are more patients with hypokalemia after surgical treatment of urinary calculi; as far as we know, there is no study on the changes of serum potassium after intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi. Objective: The change of electrolyte level through intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi (including URSL, PCNL, FURS combined with double endoscopy). To analyze the risk factors of hypokalemia and to provide evidence-based medical evidence for peri-operative management of intracavitary treatment of urinary calculi. Methods: 585 patients with urolithiasis (including URSL, MPCNL, FURS) from January 2020 to August 2021 were collected and analyzed. The relationship between age, sex, basic diseases, clinical manifestations, mode of operation, operation time, urinary leukocyte, urine culture, serum creatinine, electrolyte, location and size of urinary calculi and serum potassium were analyzed, and the independent risk factors were analyzed. Results: Among the 228 eligible patients, the proportion of women with HK was 63% higher than that of 37% in NG group, 3% in diabetic patients with HK, lower than that in NG group, 14.1% white blood cells in urine of HK (188.5 / ul) was higher than that of NG (96.4 / ul), and the serum creatinine (76mmol/L) before HK was lower than that of NG (85mmol/L). There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, BMI, basic diseases complicated with hypertension and coronary heart disease, clinical manifestations of low back pain and fever, positive urine culture before operation, anti-infection, blood magnesium, blood sodium, blood glucose, stone size, urine red blood cell count and operation time. Compared with men, women had diabetes. The OR values of ureteroscopy and flexible ureteroscope relative to percutaneous nephroscope and urinary leukocyte ≥ 120 / uL were 2.325, 7.793, 3.993, 2.09, respectively. Conclusion: Female, diabetes, ureteroscope, flexible ureteroscope and urinary calculi with elevated white blood cells may develop hypokalemia during the peri-operative period, so we should pay attention to blood potassium supplement.
Background Ileal neobladder fistula is a rare complication after radical cystectomy, with an incidence of approximately 0.7%. At present, there are scattered reports of vesicoileal fistula, but there are no reports of ileal neobladder fistula (INF) caused by bladder stones. In this paper, a case of ileal neobladder fistula caused by chronic stimulation of bladder stones was successfully diagnosed and treated. Case presentation A 68-year-old man who had undergone radical cystectomy and an orthotopic ileal neobladder procedure 10 years prior presented with refractory diarrhoea and oliguria and was diagnosed with ileal neobladder fistula caused by chronic stimulation of bladder stones. We performed fistulectomy, cystotomy, partial ileectomy, and end-to-end ileal anastomosis, and the patient recovered and was discharged after the operation. Conclusion Urinary calculi are delayed complications of orthotopic neobladder construction after total cystectomy. Bladder stones are a rare complication of ileal neovesical fistula, which can cause neovesical cutaneous fistula. It is difficult to diagnose through routine examination and easily misdiagnosed as acute gastroenteritis. Surgery is an effective treatment for INF and can achieve a good prognosis.
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