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As 2D-nanosheet dispersions greatly facilitate solution-based processes, the preparation of 2D nanosheets in various solvents offers considerable potential in many applications, from electronics to energy storage and conversion. However, significant improvements are required in production cost, scalability, yield, and processability to realize the full potential of 2D nanosheets. Herein, a fast, scalable, and versatile hydraulic power process for the large-scale production of 2D nanosheets (graphene, MoS 2 , and boron nitride) dispersed in water is presented. A controlled, wavy Taylor-vortex flow allows for a highshear mixing process with efficient mass transfer. The use of an ionic liquid dramatically improves the exfoliation of 2D materials, resulting in an extremely high yield (76.9%), a high concentration (20 mg mL −1 ), and a high production rate (8.6 g h −1 ). The computational fluid dynamics simulations reveal that the improved exfoliation performance originates from the high-shear mixing process, and the first-principles calculations rationalize this performance via the high adsorption energies of ionic liquids on 2D nanosheets. The highly stable 2D nanosheet dispersions efficiently facilitating the postprocesses of vacuum filtration and inkjet printing, resulting in highly conductive circuits and high-performance film electrodes for energy-storage applications, are also demonstrated.

A plant flavone, luteolin is a well-known inducer of nod genes in the Rhizobium meliloti. Its poor aqueous solubility was greatly enhanced by the complexation with a family of cyclosophoraoses synthesized in R.meliloti. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis showed that the chemical shifts of the aromatic ring moieties of the luteolin were changed greatly by the complexation with cyclosophoraoses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis also showed a restricted vibrational pattern in carbonyl stretching region of the luteolin due to the complexation. This effective complex formation of cyclosophoraoses with a plant flavone, luteolin, suggests that rhizobial cyclosophoraoses play an important role as a solubility enhancer of the hydrophobic legume-derived flavonoids.