No abstract

Biological nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway in wastewater treatment is very important in saving the cost of aeration and as an electron donor for denitrification. Wastewater nitrification and nitrite accumulation were carried out in a biofilm airlift reactor with autotrophic nitrifying biofilm. The biofilm reactor showed almost complete nitrification and most of the oxidized ammonium was present as nitrite at the ammonium load of 1.5 to 3.5 kg N/m3 x d. Nitrite accumulation was stably achieved by the selective inhibition of nitrite oxidizers with free ammonia and dissolved oxygen limitation. Stable 100% conversion to nitrite could also be achieved even under the absence of free ammonia inhibition on nitrite oxidizers. Batch ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation with nitrite accumulating nitrifying biofilm showed that nitrite oxidation was completely inhibited when free ammonia is higher than 0.2 mg N/L. However, nitrite oxidation activity was recovered as soon as the free ammonia concentration was below the threshold level when dissolved oxygen concentration was not the limiting factor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of cryosectioned nitrite accumulating nitrifying biofilm showed that the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria, where ammonia oxidizers belong, was distributed outside the biofilm whereas the alpha-subclass of Proteobacteria, where nitrite oxidizers belong, was found mainly in the inner part of the biofilm. It is likely that dissolved oxygen deficiency or limitation in the inner part of the nitrifying biofilm, where nitrite oxidizers exist, is responsible for the complete shut down of the nitrite oxidizers activity under the absence of free ammonia inhibition.

No abstract

Biological nitrogen removal via nitrite pathway in wastewater treatment is very important especially in the cost of aeration and as an electron donor for denitrification. Wastewater nitrification and nitrite accumulations were carried out in a biofllm reactor. The biofilm reactor showed almost complete nitrification and most of the oxidized ammonium was present as nitrite at the ammonium load of 1.2 kg N/m3/d. Nitrite accumulation was achieved by the selective inhibition of nitrite oxidizers by free ammonia and oxygen limitation. Nitrite oxidation activity was recovered as soon as the inhibition factor was removed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of the nitrite accumulating biofilm system have shown that genus Nitrosomonas which is specifically hybridized with probe NSM156 was the dominant nitrifying bacteria while Nitrospira was less abundant than those of normal nitrification systems. Further FISH analysis showed that the combinations of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira cells were identified as important populations of nitrifying bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm system.

Wastewater nitri®cation was carried out using a laboratory-scale up¯ow biological aerated ®lter (BAF) packed with a polyurethane-based porous medium. The ®ltration medium has macropores which provide a greater surface area for the development of bio®lms. The macro-pores have both aerobic and anaerobic zones, depending on the depth of oxygen penetration in the medium. Wastewater ammonium was oxidized at a maximum rate of 1.8 kg NH 4 m À3 d À1 and showed more than 90% nitri®cation ef®ciency in the BAF. During the biological nitri®cation of wastewater, considerable nitrogen loss was observed in the BAF under oxygen-limited conditions when organic carbons were not provided for denitri®cation. Most probably, the lost nitrogen was converted to gaseous nitrogen compounds including dinitrogen by autotrophic dentri®cation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation.