Nitrification of high strength ammonia wastewater and nitrite accumulation characteristics

Kim, D.J.; Chang, J.S.; Lee, D.I.; Han, Dong‐Woo; Yoo, Ik‐Keun; Cha, Gi-Cheol

doi:10.2166/wst.2003.0585

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Ammonia oxidizers formed a dense layer of cell clusters in the upper part of the nitrifying biofilm from the trickling filter of an aquaculture water recirculation system, whereas the nitrite oxidizers showed lessdense aggregates in close vicinity to the Nitrosomonas clusters (Schramm et al 1996). This distribution pattern was supported by Kim et al 2003. It was reasoned out in the same publication that dissolved oxygen deficiency or limitation in the inner part of the nitrifying biofilm, where nitrite oxidizers exist, is responsible for the complete shut down of the nitrite oxidizers activity under the absence of FA inhibition.…”

Section: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Techniquementioning

confidence: 70%

“…The most critical condition that is needed for the success of the SBNR process is to suppress nitrite oxidation without excessively retarding the ammonia oxidation rate. Generation and maintenance of a nitritation reactor requires that either the NOB are washed out from the biomass or their spatial distribution is such that they can no longer find suitable conditions under which to reestablish them (for example the inner part of the biofilm; Kim et al 2003). Unfortunately, ammonia-and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria can be found almost everywhere and therefore it might be difficult to find conditions favoring one over the other (Egli et al 2003).…”

Section: Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal (Sbnr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Partial nitrification—operational parameters and microorganisms involved

Sinha

Annachhatre

2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

163

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Nitrite is a common intermediate in at least three different oxidative or reductive biochemical pathways that occur in nature (nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory or assimilatory nitrate reduction). Nitrite accumulation or partial nitrification has been reported in literature for decades. In engineered systems, partial nitrification is of interest as it offers cost savings in aeration as well as in the form of lesser need for addition of organic carbon as compared to the conventional denitrification. A broad range of operating parameters and factors has been reviewed in this paper which are essential for achieving partial nitrification. Of these, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, free ammonia (FA) and nitrous acid concentrations, inhibitory compounds are important factors in achieving partial nitrification.Two groups of bacteria, namely ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are involved in nitrification. Chemolitho-autotrophic AOB are responsible for the rate-limiting step of nitrification in a wide variety of environments, making them important in the global cycling of nitrogen. Characterization

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Section: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Techniquementioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal (Sbnr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial nitrification—operational parameters and microorganisms involved

Sinha

Annachhatre

2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

163

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“…The spatial distribution of AOB and nitrite oxidizing bacteria have been studied using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments. These studies revealed that AOB occupied the outside layers of the biofilm, whereas NOB were found in the deep layers of the biofilm (Kim et al, 2003). Thus, in a biofilm system NOB are more exposed to oxygen limiting conditions than AOB, and the diffusion resistance of oxygen into the biofilm offers selective growth of AOB ( Joo et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Partial Nitrification in an Up-Flow Fixed-Bed Bioreactor Under an Oxygen-Limiting Environment

Bagchi

Biswas

Roychoudhury³

et al. 2009

Environmental Engineering Science

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Stable partial nitrification followed by a denitrification or anammox process is a cost-effective alternative to conventional biological nitrogen removal processes, especially for wastewaters having a low carbon-to nitrogen (C=N) ratio. This article addresses partial nitrification in an up-flow fixed-film bioreactor operated for more than 265 days using low C=N synthetic wastewater. The study was carried out in the absence of external aeration, for further cutting down the cost of treatment. By controlling influent dissolved oxygen (DO) at 1 mg=L, stable partial nitrification with more than 85% efficiency was achieved (influent NH 3 N: 102.6 AE 4.6 mg N=L). Maximum ammonium removal rate of 210.5 AE 6.7 mg N=L=day was obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 18 h. Oxygen uptake at influent DO concentration of 1 mg=L was practically negligible compared to the amount of ammonia oxidized to nitrite. Partial nitrification was taking place devoid of oxygen consumption. A possible mechanism of partial nitrification with negligible DO uptake is proposed in this article. The nitrogen oxide (NOx) cycle may be playing a major role for such low oxygen requirement. This strategy of developing a stable partial nitrifying biosystem under a low oxygen environment without external aeration, can lead to considerable savings in aeration cost in the treatment of ammonia laden wastewaters.

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“…Partial nitrification relies on the selection of AOB over nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), which allows the accumulation of nitrite. Sustained nitrite accumulation can be accomplished by controlling solids retention time, temperature, free ammonia and hydroxylamine concentrations, or dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions (2,12,15,19,23,42).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aeration Cycles on Nitrifying Bacterial Populations and Nitrogen Removal in Intermittently Aerated Reactors

Mota¹,

Head

Ridenoure

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The effects of the lengths of aeration and nonaeration periods on nitrogen removal and the nitrifying bacterial community structure were assessed in intermittently aerated (IA) reactors treating digested swine wastewater. Five IA reactors were operated in parallel with different aeration-to-nonaeration time ratios (ANA). Populations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were monitored using 16S rRNA slot blot hybridizations. AOB species diversity was assessed using amoA gene denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis. Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus mobilis were the dominant AOB and Nitrospira spp. were the dominant NOB in all reactors, although Nitrosospira and Nitrobacter were also detected at lower levels. Reactors operated with the shortest aeration time (30 min) showed the highest Nitrosospira rRNA levels, and reactors operated with the longest anoxic periods (3 and 4 h) showed the lowest levels of Nitrobacter, compared to the other reactors. Nitrosomonas sp. strain Nm107 was detected in all reactors, regardless of the reactor's performance. Close relatives of Nitrosomonas europaea, Nitrosomonas sp. strain ENI-11, and Nitrosospira multiformis were occasionally detected in all reactors. Biomass fractions of AOB and effluent ammonia concentrations were not significantly different among the reactors. NOB were more sensitive than AOB to long nonaeration periods, as nitrite accumulation and lower total NOB rRNA levels were observed for an ANA of 1 h:4 h. The reactor with the longest nonaeration time of 4 h performed partial nitrification, followed by denitrification via nitrite, whereas the other reactors removed nitrogen through traditional nitrification and denitrification via nitrate. Superior ammonia removal efficiencies were not associated with levels of specific AOB species or with higher AOB species diversity.There is increasing interest in biological nitrogen removal technologies that use low levels of oxygen to achieve partial nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and subsequent denitrification via nitrite, the reduction of nitrite to dinitrogen gas by heterotrophic denitrifiers. Alkalinity and oxygen demands are lower for partial nitrification, and organic substrate requirements are lower for denitrification via nitrite, than the traditional nitrification/denitrification process, resulting in substantial operational savings (2). Partial nitrification relies on the selection of AOB over nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), which allows the accumulation of nitrite. Sustained nitrite accumulation can be accomplished by controlling solids retention time, temperature, free ammonia and hydroxylamine concentrations, or dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions (2,12,15,19,23,42).The key to efficient and robust biological wastewater treatment relies on knowing the microorganisms involved and how they respond to different operating conditions (41). Several microbial diversity studies of activated sludge and biofilms based on 16S rRNA gene libr...

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Nitrification of high strength ammonia wastewater and nitrite accumulation characteristics

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Partial nitrification—operational parameters and microorganisms involved

Partial nitrification—operational parameters and microorganisms involved

Stable Partial Nitrification in an Up-Flow Fixed-Bed Bioreactor Under an Oxygen-Limiting Environment

Effects of Aeration Cycles on Nitrifying Bacterial Populations and Nitrogen Removal in Intermittently Aerated Reactors

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