Fertility rates below population replacement level now characterize a broad swath of post-industrial societies, especially in Southern Europe and East Asia. This article offers a theoretical framework that gives primacy to the role of gender-essentialist norms and institutional variation in labor markets to explain variation in total fertility rates across 24 OECD countries over the past two decades. We demonstrate the variation in gender-role ideologies that characterize postindustrial countries and show how these country-level patterns interact with measures of labor market protection and the economic situation of young adult males to influence variation in TFRs. We provide evidence that interaction between gender-role ideologies and labor market institutions that reinforces men's role as breadwinners and women's role as caregivers (what we term gender-essentialist norms) is negatively related to post-industrial fertility.

In this study, an effective method of slow hydrolization of metal alkoxide (e.g., Ti(C 4 H 9 O) 4 ) in an ethanol-water system was systematically investigated and used to finely control the deposition of titania on carbon colloids. A model of adsorption-hydrolization of precursors during the coating process was rationally built for the first time to interpret the usability of the method and facilitate its further extension. Using this strategy, titania in the form of supported nanocrystals or layers on carbon colloids (TiO 2 /C, C@TiO 2 ) was successfully tailored. Meanwhile, finely dispersed hollow TiO 2 nanoparticles with shells consisting of different crystalline structures were also prepared by varying the calcination conditions after removing the carbon cores. More importantly, the effects of the crystalline and nano/macrostructures of the as-prepared TiO 2 samples in photocatalysis and lithium-ion battery applications were analyzed in detail. The preliminary results show that anatase-rutile TiO 2 hollow particles demonstrate a higher catalytic activity in the photo-degradation of rhodamine B than anatase TiO 2 hollow particles, powders, and P25. However, in the case of Li-ion battery applications, the anatase TiO 2 hollow particles exhibited better performance as anode materials with high capacities of around 190 mA h g À1 , 140 mA h g À1 , and 120 mA h g À1 at current densities of 60 mA g À1 , 120 mA g À1 , and 300 mA g À1 , respectively, accompanied by stable cyclability.

Smartphone technology has spread rapidly around the globe. According to a report released by the Korea Information Society Development Institute, about 95% of Koreans aged more than 30 years old owned smartphones. Recently, blood pressure (BP) measurement using a photoplethysmography-based smartphone algorithm paired with the smartwatch is continuously evolving. In this document, the Korean Society of Hypertension intends to remark the current results of smartphone / smartwatch-based BP measurement and recommend optimal BP measurement methods using a smartphone device. We aim to increase the likelihood of success in implementing these new technologies into improved hypertension awareness, diagnosis, and control.

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We report a facile and template-free soft chemical approach that employs a low-temperature calcination treatment to synthesize a new class of materials comprising self-arranged hollow mesoporous Co 3 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 -carbon nanotube composites. Each hollow particle is formed by a double-layered nanowall with a thickness of around 50-100 nm. The inner wall consists of a uniform amorphous layer, while the outer layer consists of self-assembled aggregates of ultrafine nanoflakes and particles. Our synthesis method is scalable and produces high yield with high reproducibility. When applied as negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries, the Co 3 O 4 -carbon nanotube composite exhibited superior performance with large reversible capacity, good cycling property and rate capability benefiting from the unique hollow and mesoporous Co 3 O 4 particle structures as well as the hybridization with carbon nanotubes.

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