Strong carcinogens, such as 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene, and ethylbenzene, were eliminated by more than 85% by using this activated carbon fiber filter and the risks from these compounds decreased to an almost negligible level. We suggest using every measure, including these filters, to protect the health of operating room personnel.
BackgroundTo evaluate the radiological, clinical results in patients with open distal tibia factures, who were treated with a staged treatment protocol using the lateral minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique.MethodsFrom January 2007 to June 2009, 10 patients with open distal tibia fractures (Gustilo-Anderson classification II, 3; IIIA, 1; IIIB, 6) were treated using a staged treatment protocol. The initial debridement and application of an external fixator were performed within 24 hours and the mean interval from injury to definitive surgical treatment was 15 days (range, 6 to 52 days). Eight weeks later, an additional bone graft was performed in 3 patients. The follow-up duration was more than 1 year.ResultsThe mean fracture healing time was 21 weeks (range, 17 to 28 weeks), and the average Iowa ankle rating score was 84.5 points. At the last follow-up, there was no non-union, angular deformity > 5°, shortening > 10 mm or infection. In 10 patients, 2 patients had a superficial wound infection, and another 2 patients showed limitation of ankle joint motion.ConclusionsThis staged treatment protocol using a lateral MIPO technique is a useful alternative method for achieving high functional recovery with good healing and low complication rates in patients with an open distal tibia fracture.
Air pollution due to PM 2.5 is of public concern in Korea. Ambient PM 2.5 can penetrate indoors through the building envelope, affecting the indoor PM 2.5 concentrations. Most people stay indoors for approximately 80% of every day, implying that their primary exposure to PM 2.5 could be determined by the indoor air. This study aims to investigate the infiltration of ambient PM 2.5 through the building envelop in apartment housing units in Korea. The on-site infiltration test method, by using a blower-door depressurization procedure, was suggested in order to maintain an identical indooroutdoor pressure difference among the tests. On-site experiments were conducted in 11 apartment housing units to estimate the PM 2.5 infiltration factors. The results showed that the average infiltration factor of all the test housing units was 0.65 ± 0.13 (average ± standard deviation), with a minimum of 0.38 and a maximum of 0.88. Furthermore, the results from the relation of the building airtightness data to the infiltration factors suggests that a leaky housing unit with high ACH 50 , or a high specific effective leakage area (ELA), would be more significantly influenced by the ambient PM 2.5 . The study demonstrated that the suggested infiltration test procedure was useful to assess the infiltration factors in conditions of controlled indoor-outdoor pressure differences in real housing units.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.