Rice breeding was conducted for a long time during historical times and is an important job in Vietnam because rice is the major food for domestic consumption and export. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive insight into the importance of promising rice germplasm resources, breeding achievements, and breeding approaches as well as discussed challenges and perspectives of rice breeding in this country. With rice germplasm and wild rice relative resources with rich and various genetic diversity, their useful genes and traits have been exploited and integrated into commercial varieties as the final outputs of rice breeding programs. New achievements of the modern genetics era have been approached and effectively contributed to breeding activities in this country. Genome sequences, molecular breeding, and mutation are powerful tools and playing vital roles in developing new varieties with characteristics of interest that should be followed by the current market demands. In the last decades, there has been a plethora of newly generated varieties by Vietnamese scientists and rice breeders and approved by the state authorities. However, very few domestic mega varieties have prevailed over the imported varieties. Therefore, rice breeding in this country is faced with big challenges, including limitations of backgrounds, budgets, and even talents in basic research to compete with other rice-producing countries. The target goals and long-term approaches for rice breeding should be paid explicitly in priority to ensure national food security and the advantage and development of rice breeding in this country.
Ochna integerrima is a medicinal and ornamental plant, is widely distributed in Southeast Asia areas. In Vietnam, it has been ranked as the rare and endangered species due to its high demand trade of the beautiful species. In this study, total 21 Ochna samples, collected from the northern and southern areas, were used to characterize the morphological traits using morphological analyses and molecular tool. The results have revealed that the morphological characterization of flower and its quality of Yen Tu Ochna samples showed differences in comparison with the common Ochna and southern Ochna samples. To accurately distinguish genetic traits of the samples, we have sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region (including ITS1, 5.8S) of 21 species. The results have disclosed the genetic correlations of the samples ranging from 96.25% to 100% among the studied Ochna samples, of which 5 samples include B1, B2, B3, B6 and N3.1 were divided into the separate groups. The current work is the first report in constructing a molecular database of Ochna for further assessment of inter-and intra-specific molecular diversity of Ochna species in Vietnam.
Glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic substance, could improve some stress tolerance in plants. CodA gene, originating from bacteria, could translate choline oxidase which stimulates the synthesis of GB in plants. To create lily lines resistant to heat, Belladonna lily and Yelloween lily had been transferred CodA gene through Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The bacteria harbored a binary vector carrying the hygromycin phosphotransferase, choline oxidase (CodA) and intron-containing β-glucuronidase (Gus) genes were co-cultivated with lily bulb scales slides. The result showed that most the bulb scales had developed into bulblets in a regulator-free growth medium, while some expressed the hygromycin-resistance, heat tolerance and Gus gene expression. Among them, one line demonstrated primarily the transcription level expression through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, they were tested with the accumulation of GB which was evident that the transferred line had four times of GB volumes higher than that of wild type. The original evidence could open a right approach to enhance stress tolerance in lily plants.
BC15 rice is a pure quality rice variety, capable of adapting to large ecological ranges, therefore chosen by farmers to cultivate on large areas. Because global warming and climate change have greatly affected the water source for irrigation, so the rice yield is significantly reduced. This study was conducted to evaluate the drought tolerance of the BC15 variety in vitro culture system to get more information about the characteristics of the BC15 variety when selecting production areas. The object of the study was to determine the most suitable artificial drought conditions for BC15 rice seedlings in vitro. The result shows that in the MS1/2 medium supplemented with PEG with osmotic potential -4 bar; or the MS1/2 supplemented with 7% Saccharose; or the MS1/2 added 3% Mannitol or MS1/2 added 4% Sorbitol, shoots of the rice can be survival. Under these artificial drought conditions caused by Saccharose, Mannitol, Sorbitol, Mannitol expressed the strongest effect on rice sprouts in vitro. Just adding 3% Mannitol to the medium, the root length and shoot height were significantly reduced compared with the control, followed by Sorbitol and finally Saccharose, significantly on the roots and shoots of the seedlings. The results of this study will support necessary information about the suitable environment to evaluate the drought tolerance of rice in vitro and the basic source for in vivo assessment.
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