Madduppa HH, Subhan B, Suparyani E, Siregar AM, Arafat D, Tarigan SA, Alimuddin, Khairudi D, Rahmawati F, Bramandito A. 2013. Dynamics of fish diversity across an environmental gradient in the Seribu Islands reefs off . The reefs of Seribu Islands have been affected by multitude of anthropogenic pressures. However, the biodiversity of reef fishes across the archipelago linked to environmental condition is poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the biodiversity and the trophic level of fish communities across the archipelago. The study on reef fish communities was conducted on 33 reef sites associated with islands or shoal randomly chosen from each zone along environmental gradients from the inshore water nearest of Jakarta Bay to the offshore water of the outer islands. The study sites represented each sub-districts within the archipelago, namely Pari, Tidung, Panggang, Kelapa, and Harapan. A total of 46,263 individual fishes were counted, belonging to 216 species and 29 families. The multivariate analysis of fish abundance using the Bray Curtis similarity index and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) clearly showed the clustering of sub-districts, near and far from Jakarta Bay. The results showed that the sub-districts can be clustered into three groups. Group one consists of one sub-district (Pari) located in the southern part of the Seribu Islands near Jakarta Bay. Group two consists of three subdistricts (Tidung, Panggang, Kelapa) located in mid of the archipelago. The third group consists of one sub-district (Harapan) located in the northern part of the Seribu Islands. Based on species richness and fish diversity indices, the sub-districts can be clustered into two groups (1 = Pari and Tidung, 2 = Panggang Kelapa, Harapan). However, levels of similarities among sub-districts varied. The fish community in sub-district of Pari was dominated by carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous fishes, while those in the rest of subdistricts were dominated by omnivorous and carnivorous fishes. The present study results showed that the biodiversity of reef fishes across the Seribu Islands seemed to be linked to the environmental conditions.

Abstract. Prehadi, Sembiring A, Kurniasih EM, Arafat D, Subhan B, Madduppa HH. 2015. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic reconstruction of shark species landed in Muncar fisheries landing site in comparison with Southern Java fishing port. . Sharks are one of main fisheries commodity that are currently exploited on a large scale because of their high economic value. The identification of sharks has been a difficult one due to the specimen's similarity in morphology and mostly have had key diagnostic features removed. This study aimed to identify and to review the status of sharks, and also to reconstruct the shark species that were landed at South Java fishing port using molecular approaches. The DNA amplification was using cytochrome oxidase I mitochondrial of locus and 600-700 basepairs. A total of seven species from 59 individuals was identified including Alopias pelagicus, Carcharhinus falciformis, C. sorrah, C. amblyrhynchos, Galeocerdo cuvier, Atelomycterus marmoratus, and Spyrna lewini. The diversity of shark species landed in Muncar during the last 2 years has been decreased. The identified sharks species in this study sites were about 18% of all Indonesian sharks. The result of this study is expected help the Government to manage shark fisheries in Indonesia.

Reliable and precise species identification is important to fisheries management and conservation. However, many rays and skates in Indonesia are currently being exploited and landed into traditional fish market without a proper identification. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify species of skates and stingrays that were landed and traded in three fish markets in Indonesia (Palabuhanratu, Muara Saban, and Lampung) using molecular techniques and to determine the conservation status of the identified species based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) as well as defined by CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species). The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of primer, fish-BCL and fish-BCH. Of 29 tissue samples collected from the study sites, a total of five species were successfully identified: Dipturus chilensis (4), Himantura walga (1), Neotrygon kuhlii (11), Taeniura lymma (9) and Rhinoptera javanica (4). The Neighbor Joining phylogeny of mitochondrial lineages, based on partial COI gene sequences, the ingroup haplotypes were clustered into

RINGKASANTransplantasi karang merupakan teknik perbanyakan koloni karang dengan memanfaatkan reproduksi aseksual karang secara fagmentasi. Berbagai kalangan dapat terlibat dalam mengusahakan dan melakukan rehabilitasi karang dengan metode ini. Namun saat ini metode yang digunakan masih ada yang mengadopsi metode untuk perdagangan karang hias bukan untuk rehabilitasi. Metode dengan beton dan pengontrolan terhadap alga salah satu kunci keberhasilan dalam transplantasi karang. Pencarian bibit-bibit karang yang unggul yang kuat terhadap alga dan penyakit menjadi solusi penting dalam peningkatan keberhasilan transplantasi karang.Kata kunci: transplantasi karang, metode beton, penyakit karang, alga PERNYATAAN KUNCI Transplantasi karang merupakan teknik perbanyakan koloni karang deng an memanfaatkan reproduksi aseksual karang secara fagmentasi. Beberapa ahli sering juga menggunakan istilah propagasi sebagai kata lain untuk transplantasi karang. Metode transplantasi merupakan cara sederhana untuk perbaiki terumbu karang. Berbagai kalangan dapat terlibat dalam mengusahakan dan melakukan rehabilitasi karang dengan metode ini. Namun saat ini metode yang digunakan masih ada yang mengadopsi metode untuk perdagangan karang hias bukan untuk rehabilitasi. Setiap lokasi terumbu karang yang mengalami kerusakan memiliki keunikan tersendiri. Pada umunya pertimbangan pemilihan lokasi hanya berdasarkan kondisi fisik dan kimia perairan. Setiap tahap dalam pelaksanaan transplantasi karang merupakan faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan transplantasi karang. Tahaptahap transplantasi pemilihan lokasi, pembuatan substrat, pemilihan bibit, penanaman karang dan monitoring. REKOMENDASI KEBIJAKAN Transplantasi karang merupakan kegiatan jangka panjang sehingga tidak bisa berbasis proyek. Sistem program merupakan salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan 159

Genetik menjadi kunci konservasi karena berperan penting dalam  mempertahankan dan memulihkan populasi dari kerusakan. Kerusakan pada ekosistem terumbu karang dapat menjadi pemicu kepunahan organisme laut. Salah satu organisme yang tidak terhindar dari kerusakan tersebut ialah Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Kerusakan tersebut dapat menyebabkan menurunnya keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keanekaragaman genetik dari S. trocheliophorum yang terdapat pada tiga populasi di Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara serta mendeskripsikan implikasinya terhadap kawasan konservasi  di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penanda genetik ND2 untuk menganalisis struktur populasi, konektivitas, dan keragaman genetik. Keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum pada Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara masing-masing 0.600, 0.815, dan 0.972. Keragaman genetik pada populasi Perairan Jawa lebih kecil dibandingkan pada Populasi Perairan Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena banyaknya aktivitas manusia pada pesisir utara Laut Jawa, sehingga berdampak pada menurunnya ukuran populasi S. trocheliophorum. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya perlindungan yang ketat pada populasi Jawa untuk menjaga kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia.

Abstract. Madduppa H, Putri ASP, Wicaksono RZ, Subhan B, Akbar N, Ismail F, Arafat D, Prabuning D, Sani LMI, Srimariana ES, Baksir A, Bengen DG. 2020. Morphometric and DNA Barcoding of endemic Halmaheran walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera, Allen, 2013) in North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3331-3343. The walking shark (Hemiscyllium halmahera) commonly referred to as bamboo shark, is a shark species that belongs to the Hemiscyllidae family which is endemic in North Maluku, and Indonesian waters. These Hemiscyllium species are generally confined to the Australian-New Guinea region, save a specie which originates from Halmahera, an Indonesian island. Ever since its discovery, sufficient information on its existence has been largely unavailable. Hence, the purpose of this study is (1) to assess the morphology, using meristic measurements and length-weight relationship, and (2) to determine the molecular characteristics through DNA barcoding, phylogenetic reconstruction, and genetic diversity. The samples used in this research were obtained from Halmahera Archipelago, North Maluku, including Halmahera, Tidore, Ternate, Maitara, and Guraici in several expeditions between March 2017 and January 2018. 36 individuals in total were measured for morphometric parameters including Total Length (TL), Standard Length (SL), Head Length (HL), Body Circumference (BC), and Body Weight (BW). Out of a total of 36 sharks, tissue samples were obtained from 32 individuals for molecular identification. After the required measurements were obtained, all individuals sharks were released back to their habitat safely. Equations of linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between length and weight. Morphometric measurements indicated that the average total length of the walking shark samples obtained, were not more than 75± cm for both male and female specimens. The length-weight analysis revealed a positive allometric growth pattern in H. halmahera species, where weight was gained faster than an increase in length. The results of the DNA fragment length analysis from all samples were 793-bp. All 32 tissue samples identified as H. halmahera consisted of 3 samples from Ternate Island, 14 samples from Maitara Island, 9 samples from Guraici Island (South Halmahera), 10 samples from Central Halmahera, and 2 samples from Tidore Island. These results confirmed that DNA subsequence analysis indicates that H. halmahera is different from those sequences extracted from Genbank in the Australia-New Guinea region. This study successfully identified H. halmahera based on their morphological and molecular characters, and has therefore contributed to international genetic database (Barcoding Of Life Database-BOLD) for further studies.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan pada 5 stasiun (yaitu Barat Daya Pramuka, Area Perlindungan Laut, Timur Laut Pramuka, Timur Pramuka, dan Dermaga 1) di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode Belt Transect, yaitu membentangkan roll meter sepanjang 60 meter dengan lebar jarak pandang 2 meter pada kedalaman 5 meter. Karang yang didata adalah karang dari Suku Fungiidae. Marga dari karang Fungiidae yang ditemukan di Pulau Pramuka ada lima, yaitu Heliofungia, Herpolitha, Fungia, Ctenactis, dan Sandalolitha. Dari total 106 individu karang Fungiidae yang ditemukan di 5 stasiun pengamatan di Pulau Pramuka, sebanyak 38,68% (41 individu) dalam kondisi sehat dan 61,32% (65 individu) terserang penyakit karang. Fungia merupakan marga karang dari Fungiidae yang paling banyak terkena penyakit karang. 19 dari 61 individu karang Fungia (31,15%) masih dalam kondisi sehat dan 42 individu (68,85%) terkena penyakit karang. Pada 24 individu karang Ctenactis yang ditemukan di seluruh stasiun, 70,83% di antaranya terkena penyakit karang. 13 individu Herpolitha, 38,46% terkena penyakit karang dan 61,54% dalam kondisi sehat. 6 individu Sandalolitha, sebanyak 50% didata dalam kondisi terkena penyakit karang dan 50% dalam kondisi sehat. Heliofungia merupakan satu-satunya marga karang dari Fungiidae di semua stasiun pengamatan di Pulau Pramuka yang tidak ditemukan terjangkit penyakit karang. Penyakit karang yang teridentifikasi menyerang Fungiidae pada kelima stasiun yaitu Yellow Band Disease, pemutihan karang / bleaching (stripes, spots, patches dan menyeluruh), sedimentasi, gabungan antara sedimentasi dan Yellow Band Disease, dan Enlarge Structure. Yellow Band Disease merupakan penyakit karang yang paling banyak muncul, yaitu sebesar 67,69% dari total penyakit karang yang ditemukan pada Fungiidae dengan nilai kelimpahannya sebesar 0,37 individu/m 2 .

The genetic connectivity of soft coral is influenced by current and distance between islands. The complexity of islands and geographical region in Indonesia might influence the distribution of soft corals. The information of genetic connectivity can be used to design marine protected areas and to avoid destruction and possible extinction. The objective of the present study was to analyze genetic connectivity of one species of soft coral, Sarcophyton trocheliophorum, in three populations spanning Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi's waters, and to describe its implication for marine protected area. The mitochondrial protein-coding gene (750 bp of ND2) was used to analyze genetic population structure and genetic connectivity. Genetic connectivity was found in all populations with Fst value of 0.227 to 0.558, indicating populations had the close genetic relationship. The local and Indonesian currents were expected to distribute the larva to islands as a stepping stone, they moved slowly to spread them self far away. Tanakeke island (Sulawesi population) might be a center connectivity of S. trocheliophorum populations. This island connected with islands in west and east Indonesia, therefore that area need to protect.