Two large field studies were conducted to test the validity of the Job Severity Index (JSI) as an engineering tool for the control of manual materials-handling injury. Comparisons were made between the calculated JSIs of 453 individuals working in 101 different jobs and the injuries sustained by the same individuals over a period of 1057881 exposure hours (529 exposure years). The results revealed the existence of a job severity threshold above which the incidence, severity, and cost of injury dramatically increased. It was concluded that the JSI method can effectively be used to control injuries caused by the manual lifting of loads.

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The role of abstraction, or modeling, is a major element in Enterprise Engineering. Enterprise engineering deals with the analysis, design, implementation and operation of an enterprise. The Enterprise Engineer addresses a fimdarnental question: "how to design and improve all elements associated with the total enterprise through the use of engineering and analysis methods and tools to more effectively achieve its goals and objectives". This paper describes a describes a multi-view reference architecture for modeling an enterprise. It presents a modeling scheme under development which supports the architecture and acts as a tool for Enterprise Engineering.

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