A new process for the detection of red cell (RBC) antigen antibody reactions is described. It is applicable to most of the tests performed in blood group serology. The procedures are standardized and easy, and they provide clear and stable reactions that improve the interpretation of results. The process uses special microtubes filled with a mixture of gel, buffer, and reagent. Depending on the test to be carried out, the test uses a neutral gel containing no reagents (reagents are added to top of gel) or a specific gel containing reagents (e.g., antiglobulin serum or anti-A, -B, -D, etc.). A suspension of RBCs (for typing or the direct antiglobulin test) or a mixture of RBCs and serum (for reverse ABO typing or antibody characterization) is centrifuged through the gel under precise conditions. In negative reactions, the RBCs pass through the gel and pellet in the bottom of the tube, whereas, in positive reactions, they are trapped in the gel and the reaction may be read for hours afterwards. The test is easy to perform, sensitive, and reproducible. The antiglobulin tests can be performed without washing of the RBCs. There should be a reduction of risk from biohazardous materials.
Modification of dendritic cells (DCs) is a promising avenue for gene therapy purposes, given the versatility and the multiplicity of functions of these cells. In this study, we show that preincubation of monocyte-derived DCs with low amounts of non-infectious virion-like particles derived from the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV MAC VLPs) increases up to 10-fold the efficiency of transduction by HIV-1 lentiviral vectors at low multiplicity of infections yielding up to 90% of transduced cells, in the absence of alterations of DCs behavior. This effect is restricted to DCs and specified by the viral accessory protein Vpx. Thus, preincubation with empty VLPs of SIV MAC can be used in transduction protocols to increase the efficacy of HIV-1-mediated modification of DCs. Gene Therapy (2006) 13, 991-994.
Background: Vpx is a non-structural protein coded by members of the SIV SM /HIV-2 lineage that is believed to have originated by duplication of the common vpr gene present in primate lentiviruses. Vpx is incorporated into virion particles and is thus present during the early steps of viral infection, where it is thought to drive nuclear import of viral nucleoprotein complexes. We have previously shown that Vpx is required for SIV MAC -derived lentiviral vectors (LVs) infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs). However, since the requirement for Vpx is specific for DCs and not for other non-dividing cell types, this suggests that Vpx may play a role other than nuclear import.
The aim of the study was to investigate whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) genetic polymorphisms influence this cytokine production as well as the incidence and outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The frequency of IL-10 -1082G allele was found to be higher in 199 patients with DLBCL as compared with 112 control subjects (0.47 versus 0.39, P ؍ .043). Increased serum levels of IL-10 were associated with adverse prognostic factors and poor DLBCL outcome. The frequencies of IL-10 -819T and IL-10 -592A alleles were lower in patients with elevated IL-10 serum levels (0.155 versus 0.32, P ؍ .14).
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