“…However, even in the case of LVs, efficient transduction rates of MDDCs require high viral inputs, and multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ranging from 10 to 500 have been described (3)(4)(5)(7)(8)(9)(10). Contrary to more permissive cells, MDDCs, like other human myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages), display a strong resistance to HIV-1, a phenomenon that is particularly acute during the early phases of infection, i.e., those phases of interest for gene therapy purposes (11)(12)(13). This relative resistance can be bypassed in certain instances through the use of high doses of viral inputs (14)(15)(16), but this exposes target cells to modifications that can affect their maturation, their survival, or their functionality and that are largely due to the presence of large amounts of viral components (8)(9)(10).…”