Latin American open access (OA) initiatives were built upon the foundations laid by the regional cooperative information networks, databases and indexes that started to be developed from the 1970s. OA had an early start in the region in the 1990s, because it preceded the first worldwide OA declaration. This article summarizes the reasons behind the emergence of OA in the region, offers details and data about the most relevant initiatives and discusses some of the current challenges to keep advancing in this arena.

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Latin America has historically led a firm and rising Open Access movement and represents the worldwide region with larger adoption of Open Access practices. Argentina has recently expressed its commitment to join Plan S, an initiative from a European consortium of research funders oriented to mandate Open Access publishing of scientific outputs. Here we suggest that the potential adhesion of Argentina or other Latin American nations to Plan S, even in its recently revised version, ignores the reality and tradition of Latin American Open Access publishing, and has still to demonstrate that it will encourage at a regional and global level the advancement of non-commercial Open Access initiatives.

en donde la investigación y la difusión de los resultados se financian principalmente con fondos públicos, es la región del mundo con mayor adopción del sistema de acceso abierto a los contenidos en revistas científicas. Se destacan iniciativas regionales surgidas en el ámbito académico tales como Latindex, SciELO y Redalyc, que se complementan con portales nacionales e institucionales de revistas de acceso abierto, todas ellas iniciativas colaborativas sin fines comerciales. En base a la experiencia de CLACSO en la región y a su participación en los debates internacionales sobre el futuro de las comunicaciones científicas, en este artículo se comparten reflexiones sobre algunos de los desafíos que se plantean a este modelo colaborativo de acceso abierto en América Latina. Por ejemplo: los nuevos requerimientos que surgen desde la ciencia abierta, la necesidad de contar con indicadores de acceso abierto para que los procesos de evaluación puedan valorar esa producción publicada en revistas de la región y la urgencia de fortalecer la gestión regional colaborativa del acceso abierto y sus indicadores, sin fines comerciales. Palabras clave: Comunicaciones científicas, Revistas científicas, Acceso abierto, Ciencia abierta, Indicadores de evaluación, Evaluación de la investigación. Abstract:Latin America, where research and journals that publish research results, are both activities that are mainly publicly-funded, is the region of the world with the greatest adoption of open access, to scientific journals, highlighting scholarly-led regional initiatives such as Latindex, SciELO, Redalyc, which are complemented by national and institutional open access journal portals, all collaborative non-commercial initiatives. In this article, and based on CLACSO's experience in the region and its participation in international debates on the future of open access scholarly communications, views are shared on some of the challenges that this collaborative open access model poses to journals published in countries of Latin America. As is the case of open science requirements for journals, the need to have open access indicators so that evaluation processes can assess the contributions from research output published in journals within the region, and the urgency to strengthen collaborative non-commercial models to manage open access and its indicators.

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Background  Latin America has historically led a vital and open access movement and leads the worldwide region with the adoption of wider open access practices. Argentina has expressed its commitment to join Plan S, an initiative from a European consortium of research funders with a mandate to promote the open access publishing of scientific outputs. Analysis  This opinion article suggests that the potential adhesion of Argentina or other Latin American nations to Plan S ignores the reality and tradition of Latin American open access publishing. Conclusion and implications  Plan S must demonstrate that it will encourage at a regional and global level the advancement of non-commercial open access initiatives. Latin America should invest and promote open nonprofit scholarly-led infrastructures, allowing the academy to regain control of scholarly communications. Keywords  Plan S; Latin America; Open access publishingContexte Historiquement, l’Amérique latine a été un chef de file dans le mouvement pour fournir un accès aux communications savantes qui soit vital et ouvert. Aujourd’hui, ce continent demeure un leader mondial en adoptant des pratiques de libre accès qui sont plus englobantes. L’Argentine, notamment, a manifesté son engagement pour se joindre au Plan S, lequel est l’oeuvre d’un collectif de bailleurs de fonds européens dont le mandat est de promouvoir l’édition de recherches scientifiques à libre accès. Analyse  Cet article d’opinion suggère que l’adhésion potentielle au Plan S par l’Argentine ou d’autres pays latino-américains ignore la réalité et l’histoire de l’édition à libre accès latino-américaine. Conclusion et implications  Le Plan S doit démontrer qu’il encouragera des initiatives non-commerciales envers le libre accès à un niveau régional et mondial. L’Amérique latine doit investir dans des infrastructures sans but lucratif qui soient ouvertes et menées par des universitaires, de manière à permettre à ceux-ci de reprendre le contrôle sur les communications savantes. Mots clés  Plan S; Amérique latine; Édition à libre accès