low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG). However, we also shed light on the influence of endocrine disorders on relatively new cardiovascular markers, such as apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)]. Apo B is the primary apolipoprotein of atherogenic lipoproteins, including very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), Lp(a), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Apo B has 2 major isoforms: Apolipoprotein B-48 (Apo B48), mainly expressed in the intestine, and Apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B-100), which is expressed in the liver [3,4]. Apo B can be used as a marker of cardiovascular risk, and according to recent data, it is a more reliable indicator of the risk than LDL-C [5]. Apo A1 is the main component in high-density lipoprotein [6], and it is considered to be a factor inversely corelated with the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease [7]. Lp(a) is a lipoprotein particle produced in the liver, which constitutes an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease [8].
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